NPR News:英国通过退欧公投卡梅伦辞职 余波仍未平息

The fallout continues from the United Kingdom's vote to withdraw from the European Union. Earlier today, the U.K.'s European Commissioner Lord Hill announced his resignation, and a credit agency has slashed the U.K.'s credit rating.
英国退欧公投结果引发的余波依然在继续。今天早些时候，英国的欧盟委员会委员洛德·希尔宣布辞职，一家评级机构下调了英国的信用评级。

NPR's Peter Kenyon is covering the story in London. And he talked about a new petition out that's calling for a revote. It already has more than 2 million signatures. I asked him whether it's had much of an impact.
NPR新闻的彼得·肯扬正在伦敦采访这一事件。他谈到英国民众为要求重新公投发起了请愿活动。目前请愿已有超过200万名民众签名。我问他这是否会产生重要影响。

PETER KENYON, BYLINE: Well, it's having an emotional impact. It's a signal of just how many people woke up here on Friday saying some version of, oh, my God, what have we done? But honestly, if the goal is to actually have another referendum right away, I just don't think you can get there from here.
Yeah, the details of it are kind of interesting actually. What it calls for is not just a revote. It says there's got to be some safeguards when we vote on these big deals, like a 60 percent supermajority, for instance, or some kind of turnout threshold. They suggest a pretty high one, 75 percent. Now, if you applied those rules to Thursday's vote, it would have failed.
彼得·肯扬连线：这会产生情绪影响。这表明英国有多少人在周五醒来后发现，我的天哪，我们做了什么？但是说实话，如果目标是马上进行二次公投，我认为这个目标实现不了。
不过细节其实很有趣。民众发起请愿要求的不仅仅是二次公投。同时还要求在就重大问题进行投票时，制定一些保障措施，比如实施60%的绝对多数票制，或是设定投票人数门槛。他们建议的门槛非常高，要达到75%。如果将这些规定应用到周四进行的投票中，那退欧公投就不会通过。

SUAREZ: There was a lot of speculation in the final week of campaigning about how long it would take to see results from either of the two outcomes. But it seems like there's been very quick action on the financial front — some real backlash.
苏亚雷斯：在最后一周的游说活动中，就公投结果会在多长时间内产生影响有很多猜测。现在看起来，公投迅速对金融领域产生了影响——强烈反弹。

KENYON: And — exactly — and nothing is completely finalized but a credit rating has taken a hit — that's the U.K.'s. It was Moody's. They bumped it down from stable to negative. And their reasoning was they just calculate the losses from economic growth being slowed as being much greater than any benefits they get from not having to pay into the EU budget.
肯扬：没错，目前除了英国的信用评级遭遇打击，没有什么事是完全确定的。穆迪下调了英国的评级。穆迪将英国的评级由“稳定”下调为“负面”。穆迪给出的原因是，他们通过计算得出结论，经济增长放缓所带来的损失将远远大于英国因无需再承担欧盟预算而获得的利益。

SUAREZ: When the vote was finally in, a lot of eyes turned toward the First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon and what she would do coming so quickly after Scotland decided to stay in the United Kingdom and stay in the EU. What's going on on that front?
苏亚雷斯：公投结果出炉以后，许多人都将目光转向苏格兰首席部长尼古拉·斯特金，人们想知道在苏格兰决定留在英国并留在欧盟不久后发生这种事，她会采取什么措施。这方面情况怎么样？

KENYON: Well, it is a big deal. That was a huge vote up there in 2014. Staying in the EU and getting those benefits was a big reason they rejected leaving the U.K. And now Nicola Sturgeon, first secretary of Scotland, says a second referendum is definitely on the table. When is another question — probably not right away.
肯扬：这是个重要的问题。2014年苏格兰曾进行过一次重要公投。当时他们拒绝脱离英国的重要原因是，他们要留在欧盟，获得福利。现在苏格兰首席部长尼古拉·斯特金表示，一定要进行二次公投。而问题是，什么时候进行二次公投？可能不是马上进行。

SUAREZ: How seriously should we take the intense reactions — both positive and negative — to what happened Thursday?
苏亚雷斯：对于周四公投后的强烈反应，无论是积极的方面还是消极的方面，我们应该怎么看待？

KENYON: I think that's a really good point. We're still in the hangover phase. There's a lot of angry, miffed people. The EU is saying, oh, you want to leave? OK. Let's have the negotiations right now. It's like the guy who walks into his boss's office and gives two weeks' notice, and the boss says, what do you mean? Get out of here. It's kind of very emotional. They've got to cool down, think a little bit and then get around the table and try to hash something out.
肯扬：这个问题问得好。可以说目前我们仍处于宿醉阶段。感到生气和恼火的人有很多。欧盟说，你们想退出？好啊，那我们现在就开始谈判吧。就好像一个人走进老板办公室，让他两周后离职，老板会说，你什么意思？滚出去。情绪非常激动。他们要冷静下来，仔细考虑一下，然后回到谈判桌上，努力解决问题。

SUAREZ: There seem to be a lot of different versions of how quickly this will happen. What's at stake? Is business taking a let's-see-where-things-settle attitude?
苏亚雷斯：至于多快能走到这一步好像有很多不同说法。关键是什么？商业采取的态度是“我们看看要怎么解决”吗？

KENYON: Well, the government started it off. David Cameron in his resignation speech said, oh, and by the way, we're not going to notify the EU until the new leadership's in place sometime in October. And that's why the EU was so miffed today. They say, no, we want to do it right away. But it's not their call. The British government has to notify first. And that's what's holding everything up right now.
肯扬：政府首先给出了回应。戴维·卡梅伦在辞职演讲中表示，顺便说一下，在新领导层10月份就任以前，我们是不会通知欧盟的。这就是欧盟今天如此生气的原因。欧盟说，不行，我们现在就要开始谈判。不过这不是由他们来决定的。英国政府必须要先通知欧盟才行。这就是现在阻挠所有事的问题所在。

SUAREZ: Invoke Article 50 is that?
苏亚雷斯：引用第50条款？

KENYON: Exactly — of the Lisbon Treaty. And then that triggers the two-year period, which actually could be extended. But this could be years before we see any real change.
肯扬：没错，《里斯本条约》第50条款。然后要经过两年时间的谈判，不过实际上这个时间很可以延长。看起来我们可能会在数年后才能看到的真正的改变。

SUAREZ: That's NPR's Peter Kenyon in London. Thanks, Peter.
苏亚雷斯：以上是NPR新闻的彼得·肯扬从伦敦带来的报道。谢谢，彼得。

KENYON: You're welcome, Ray.
肯扬：不客气，雷。