NPR News:国际特赦组织称埃及近期有数百人被迫失踪

These days in Egypt if you speak out, you might go missing. A report by Amnesty International documents a trend that Egyptians have been living with for months — hundreds of activists disappearing at the hands of government security forces. Amnesty says many of those snatched from the streets or their homes end up being tortured.
The U.S. State Department calls Amnesty's allegations deeply troubling. It wants Egyptian authorities to investigate them. I asked NPR's Leila Fadel in Cairo about the evidence that Amnesty cites to back up its claims.
LEILA FADEL, BYLINE: Well, they have 17 different testimonials. They spoke to family members of the disappeared and in some cases victims themselves, friends of the family, Human Rights Defenders who work on these types of cases, officials on the ground, and that's what they've come up with. They say that three to four people go missing every day, according to local human rights groups who track this type of thing.
SIEGEL: Some of the brutality that's described — and I should warn people this is pretty raw —some of it sounds just atrocious. What of those cases?
FADEL: Well, some of the cases are really shocking. In one case, a young man Mazen Mohamed Abdallah just a teenager — 14-years-old — was taken by security forces, disappeared and repeatedly raped with a wooden stick to extract a confession, according to Amnesty International.
Another case also a 14-year-old who disappeared for 34 days was beaten, given electric shocks all over his body, including his genitalia and then when he was finally put in front of a prosecutor, he tried to retract that confession and then was threatened with more electric shocks if he tried to retract the confession.
SIEGEL: Well, if Egyptian authorities are doing this, why? What's the point of these disappearances?
FADEL: Well, this is something that we've been seeing go on for over a year that we've been reporting on as well. And the motive, according to Amnesty International, Human Rights Defenders, activists, they all say it's to silence dissent and to scare people into being silent.
The targets are generally mostly Islamists, people accused of being part of the Muslim Brotherhood that used to rule here but was ousted, banned and then called a terrorist organization. But we're also seeing protesters, students, secular activists — anybody who really speaks against the state or is perceived as an opponent to the state.
现在在埃及，如果你敢于发表意见，你就可能会失踪。国际特赦组织发布报告说明了近几个月埃及民众的生活情况，有数百名活动人士在埃及政府安全部队手中失踪。国际特赦组织表示，许多人是在街头或自己家中被捕的，而且这些人都遭到了酷刑。
美国国务院称国际特赦组织的报告令人深感不安。美国国务院希望埃及当局展开调查。我联系了NPR新闻驻开罗记者莱拉·法德尔，询问了国际特赦组织在支持其主张时引用的证据。
莱拉·法德尔连线：国际特赦组织有17份证明材料。他们采访了失踪人员的家属和受害者本人、受害者家庭的朋友、致力于这些案件的人权扞卫者、当地官员，总结各方提供的信息写出了这份报告。他们表示，据当地追踪这类事件的人权组织说，平均每天都有3到4人失踪。
西格尔：我要提醒各位听众，报告中描述的一些酷刑未经加工，听上去可能非常残暴。都有哪些案例？
法德尔：有些案件确实相当惊人。其中一名14岁的青少年马赞·穆罕默德·阿卜杜拉被安全部队逮捕后失踪，国际特赦组织表示，这名少年被人用木棍强奸，以迫使他招供。
另一名同样14岁的少年失踪了34天，他遭到毒打，全身包括生殖器均遭到了电击，他在面对检察官时试图翻供，但随后被威胁称如果他翻供将会继续遭到电击惩罚。
SIEGEL: Well, if Egyptian authorities are doing this, why? What's the point of these disappearances?
西格尔：如果这是埃及当局做的，他们为什么要这么做？这些失踪案件有什么意义？
这是一年多以来我们一直在寻找的答案，我们也一直在坚持报道。国际特赦组织、人权捍卫者和活动人士认为，埃及政府这样做的目的是为了压制异议，用恐吓的手段让人们保持沉默。
法德尔：他们的目标以伊斯兰主义者、涉嫌为穆斯林兄弟会成员的人为主，穆斯林兄弟会曾统治埃及，遭罢黜后被称为恐怖主义组织。但是我们也看到，任何在埃及表达反对意见的抗议者、学生、非宗教活动人士都会被看作是政府的对手。

SIEGEL: And what does Egypt say in response to Amnesty's report?
西格尔：埃及对国际特赦组织的报告有何回应？

FADEL: Well, at this point, Egypt basically dismissed it out of hand which is typical when there is criticism against the government. The foreign ministry spokesman posted on his Facebook page that the report isn't even worth commenting on, that it's politically motivated, that it's biased and it's only speaking to hostile actors. And it defended the judicial system saying that the judicial system doesn't use false confessions, that it bases its decisions on evidence and the constitution.
SIEGEL: Does Amnesty make any specific recommendations or call for action?
FADEL: Yes. They're asking for the global community to put pressure on Egypt to stop these egregious human rights violations, and they specifically single out the European Union and the United States. The United States gave $1.3 billion in military aid this year.
And Amnesty is saying don't give that blindly and unconditionally. Make sure that these human rights violations are addressed and this is often being done — these disappearances in this type of cooperation under the pretext of counterterrorism and securing the region, a partner in the counterterrorism fight. And what Amnesty is saying is that the U.S. and the European Union and other countries should not turn a blind eye to these types of acts that are increasing under this government.
SIEGEL: That's NPR's Leila Fadel in Cairo. Leila, thanks.
FADEL: Thank you so much.
法德尔：目前，埃及不假思索地驳回了这些指控，这是埃及政府在面对指责时的惯常做法。埃及外交部发言人在脸谱网上发文称，这份报告甚至都不值得评论，该报告出于政治动机，带有偏见，只是在为敌对行为者开脱。埃及政府为其司法体系进行了辩护，称其司法系统没有使用虚假供述，司法判决的依据是证据和宪法。
西格尔：国际特赦组织有没有给出具体的建议或呼吁展开行动？
法德尔：有。他们要求国际社会向埃及施压，以停止这些令人震惊的侵犯人权的行为，同时，他们特别提到了欧盟和美国。今年美国向埃及提供了13亿美元的军事援助。
国际特赦组织指出，希望美国不要盲目地、无条件地提供军事援助。要确保这些违反人权的行为已经解决，而且这些失踪案件经常以这种合作形式发生——埃及是反恐斗争的合作伙伴，所以会以反恐和保护地区安全为借口制造失踪案件。国际特赦组织表示，美国、欧盟及其他国家不应该对埃及政府这种日益加剧的行为视而不见。
西格尔：以上是NPR新闻的莱拉·法德尔从开罗带来的报道。莱拉，谢谢你。
法德尔：非常谢谢你。