NPR News:IOC不禁止俄罗斯参加奥运 踢皮球决定权给单项协会

Hundreds of Russian athletes have been waiting for the International Olympic Committee to say whether they are welcome at the Rio Games next week. The IOC punted and turned the whole issue of Russia's state-sponsored doping over to individual sports federations. NPR's Tom Goldman is here to explain what's going on.
Good morning.
TOM GOLDMAN, BYLINE: (Laughter) I'll try. Hi, Renee.
MONTAGNE: OK. Well, this scandal of Russian state-sponsored doping already led to Russia's track and field athletes being banned. What happens to the rest of the Russian Olympic team?
GOLDMAN: Well, each athlete will get screened by the federation that governs his or her sport. Now, the federations have to analyze the athletes' record of drug test results, but only the results from what the IOC terms reliable, adequate international drug tests, meaning ones not carried out in Russia. And if an athlete has a clean record, the federation can't take that as proof that the athlete in fact is clean. So they have to figure out the validity of those tests. And they got to do this quickly.
MONTAGNE: Partly because (laughter) the Olympics are just 11 days off. So we're talking about hundreds of athletes.
GOLDMAN: We are. And there's concern the federations cannot get this done in time and that Russian athletes who haven't been thoroughly screened will end up in Rio.
数百名俄罗斯运动员正在等待国际奥委会就他们能否参加将于下周举行的里约奥运会做出裁决。国际奥委会将俄罗斯国家支持兴奋剂这一问题交由各单项协会解决。NPR新闻的汤姆·古德曼将介绍具体情况。
早上好。
汤姆·古德曼连线：（笑）我努力。你好，芮妮。
蒙塔：好。俄罗斯由国家运行的兴奋剂计划已经致俄罗斯田径队被禁赛。那俄罗斯其他奥运代表队是什么情况？
古德曼：每名运动员都要接受管理其所从事运动项目的协会的检查。各协会要分析运动员的药检结果记录，但是国际奥委会规定只能参考可靠且符合资格的国际药检结果，也就是说不能使用在俄罗斯进行的药检结果。如果一名运动员的记录清白，各协会也不能以此为证据说明这名运动员就是清白的。他们必须分辨药检结果的有效性。而且他们必须迅速进行审查。
蒙塔：部分原因是因为离奥运会举行只剩11天的时间。而且这里涉及的是数百名运动员。
古德曼：没错。有人担心各协会无法按时完成审查，而没有经过彻底审查的俄罗斯运动员会出现在里约奥运会。

MONTAGNE: Tom, why has the IOC, the International Olympic Committee, taken this route?
GOLDMAN: The IOC President, Thomas Bach, who came into office several years ago as a reformer — he said in a teleconference yesterday that this is the fairest way to deal with the doping crisis in Russia. Bach said this will protect the clean athletes, give them a chance. But critics said delegating to the federations is another example of the IOC passing the buck.
And then there was a huge outcry about the IOC not banning the entire Russian team. There have been calls for that from around the world since the evidence of this system of widespread, state-sponsored doping from 2011 to 2015 emerged.
Here are a couple of tweets from the sports world. An Olympic bronze medalist named Katharine Merry said, quote, "IOC are useless. What exactly would a country have to do to get a blanket ban?" And then, a British IOC member named Adam Pengilly wrote, I believe that the Russian federation has mocked the Olympic movement. And I worry about the future of clean sport. I worry about the future for clean athletes.
MONTAGNE: And what does the IOC have to say for itself?
GOLDMAN: Bach pointed to what he said were tough measures short of banning the entire team, including not allowing any Russian athletes into Rio who've been sanctioned for doping in the past. The IOC cited this provision when it announced a runner named Yuliya Stepanova cannot compete in Rio. But this sparked another round of outrage because Stepanova served a drug ban a few years ago. But she was also the athlete who came forward in 2014 with the goods on this whole Russian scandal. She is the key whistleblower in this case. And anti-doping advocates say her being banned from Rio means the death of whistleblowing. And that's a critical component in this fight against doping.
MONTAGNE: That's NPR sports correspondent Tom Goldman. Thanks very much.
GOLDMAN: You're welcome, Renee.
蒙塔：汤姆，为什么国际奥委会要采用这样的方式？
古德曼：几年前当选国际奥委会主席的托马斯·巴赫是名改革者，他在昨天举行的电话会议上表示，这是处理俄罗斯兴奋剂危机的最公平方式。巴赫表示，这种方法可以保护清白运动员，给予他们参赛机会。但是批评人士表示，委派给各协会表明国际奥委会又在推卸责任。
国际奥委会不对俄罗斯全面禁赛的决定引发了巨大的抗议。自俄罗斯在2011年至2015年实施国家运行兴奋剂计划的证据被披露后，世界各地都出现了要求全面禁赛俄罗斯的呼声。
下面是体育界人士就这一决定发表的推文。奥运会铜牌得主凯瑟琳·梅里说，“国际奥委会毫无用处。一个国家做什么才能得到全面禁赛的处罚？”国际奥委会英国委员亚当·彭吉利写道，我认为俄罗斯体育协会嘲弄了奥林匹克运动。我对纯净体育的未来感到担心。我对清白运动员的未来感到担心。
蒙塔：国际奥委会说了什么？
古德曼：巴赫指出，不对俄罗斯全面禁赛，但是要采取严厉措施，包括不允许任何曾经因为兴奋剂被禁赛的俄罗斯选手参加里约奥运会。国际奥委会在宣布尤利娅·斯捷潘诺娃不能参加里约奥运会时引用了这项条款。而这一决定引发了新一轮的愤怒，因为斯捷潘诺娃曾在几年前因服用兴奋剂被禁赛。但同时也是她在2014年提供了俄罗斯兴奋剂丑闻的证据。她是这起事件中的关键告密者。反兴奋剂倡导者表示，她被禁止参加里约奥运会意味着检举的消亡。而检举是反兴奋剂行动中的重要组成部分。
蒙塔：以上是NPR新闻的体育记者汤姆·古德曼带来的报道。非常谢谢你。
古德曼：不客气，芮妮。