NPR News:俄叙合作在阿勒颇开辟人道走廊 反对派反应消极

And now to Syria. In a moment, we'll hear from an expert who argues that the U.S. has taken the lessons of the Iraq War too far and is paying the price in Syria. But first, a look at the dire situation in the divided city of Aleppo. Hundreds of thousands of people are under siege there surrounded by Syrian government forces.
Well, now Syria and its ally Russia have promised safe passage for civilians and fighters who are ready to leave the rebel-held side of the city. But many people are afraid to try the routes out of town that the government is offering. Some who did try have already turned back. NPR's Alison Meuse reports.
ALISON MEUSE, BYLINE: Aleppo resident Baraa al-Halabi woke up this morning to a surprising broadcast on state TV. The army that's been trading fire with local rebels who control this neighborhood for the past four years was offering civilians like him a way out. Government warplanes dropped leaflets telling people where to approach the frontline.
And Syrian President Bashar al-Assad reiterated an amnesty for rebels who turn themselves in. Al-Halabi, who runs an Internet cafe, says he figured it was all a big lie. But he decided to go check it out.
BARAA AL-HALABI: (Through interpreter) I went to the road they said to use to see what the situation was. And there was a mortar that landed very close to where people had gathered.
MEUSE: Speaking to me via WhatsApp, he says no one got hurt. There were only five families gathered. Because of the shelling, they all went back home.
AL-HALABI: (Through interpreter) We knew it was all just talk for the media and not a real humanitarian offer.
MEUSE: For many in the opposition, that assumption is no surprise. I reached Assaad al-Achi, whose organization, Baynta, supports anti-government activists in Aleppo from across the border in Turkey.
ASSAAD AL-ACHI: One thing that we've learned over the past five years is that you cannot trust the regime no matter what.
现在来关注叙利亚的情况。一名专家认为，美国从伊拉克战争中吸取了太多教训，因此在叙利亚问题上付出了代价，稍后我们将进行详细报道。现在首先，我们来关注叙利亚分裂城市阿勒颇的严峻形势。目前阿勒颇有数万名民众被叙利亚政府军包围。
叙利亚及其盟友俄罗斯承诺，为平民及准备离开反对派控制区的武装分子提供安全通道。但是许多人不敢从这条政府提供的通道离开。一些民众在尝试过后放弃。NPR新闻的艾丽森·默兹将带来详细报道。
艾丽森·默兹连线：阿勒颇居民巴拉·阿尔哈拉比今天早上醒来时听到了国家电视台报道的令人吃惊的消息。一直在同当地反对派交火的军方为像他这样的平民提供了一条撤离通道，反对派已控制了这一地区四年之久。政府战机空投传单，告知民众接近前线的地方。
叙利亚总统巴沙尔·阿萨德重申，会特赦那些主动投降的反对派。阿尔哈拉比是一家网吧的老板，他说他认为这是一个天大的谎言。但是他决定去查看一下。
巴拉·阿尔哈拉比：（通过翻译）我去了他们说的那条路查看情况。在非常靠近人群聚集地的地方有一门迫击炮。
默兹：他通过WhatsApp接受了我的采访，他说没有人受伤。当时只有5个家庭聚集在那里。因为炮击，他们又都返回了家中。
阿尔哈拉比：（通过翻译）我们知道那些都是媒体的说法，并不是真正的人道主义援助。
默兹：对许多生活在反对派控制区的人来说，这种假设不足为奇。我联系到了Baynta组织的阿萨德·阿尔阿奇，这个组织位于土耳其境内，为阿勒颇的反政府活动人士提供支持。
阿萨德·阿尔阿奇：过去五年，我们学到的其中一件事是，无论如何都不能相信这个政权。

MEUSE: Al-Achi, a Syrian himself, lists several times there was supposed to be a humanitarian corridor and then it wound up being shelled by regime forces. But he says that many people he works with inside Aleppo are conflicted about what to do. They see the U.S., which has opposed the regime, and Russia, which backs it, now saying they're working closer together to fight extremists.
That makes people in the opposition worry support to their cause is petering out.
AL-ACHI: From one side, we don't want civilians to pay the price for something they might not necessarily have chosen.
MEUSE: The U.N. estimates 300,000 residents in opposition areas of Aleppo are now cut off by a tightening siege. Al-Achi says there are many poor people reliant on aid. And they have every right to leave if they want.
AL-ACHI: The other extreme would be, no, we should not leave. We will not allow the regime to crush this revolution, and we don't want to basically surrender. And we will find ways to survive.
MEUSE: Al-Achi says if that's what they choose, his organization and others will do everything they can to help, whether smuggling in supplies or pressuring the international community to break the siege. Opposition activists say many will refuse to go because the regime is only offering passage to areas it controls, not nearby opposition territory.
Human Rights Watch has already warned Syria and its ally Russia that offering a safe passage out now doesn't mean they get carte blanche to attack and starve those who stay. Alison Meuse, NPR News, Beirut.
默兹：阿尔阿奇是叙利亚人，他说有几次人们以为是人道主义走廊，但最后却遭遇了政府军的炮击。但是他也指出，在阿勒颇和他一起工作的许多人对要做什么感到矛盾。美国反对阿萨德政权，而俄罗斯支持阿萨德政权，但是现在人们看到他们在打击极端分子上紧密合作。
这让生活在反对派控制区的人们担心，他们得到的支持会逐渐消失。
阿尔阿奇：一方面，我们不希望平民为他们不必做出选择的事情付出代价。
默兹：联合国估计，在阿勒颇由反对派控制的地区，有约3万名居民因紧密包围而与外界隔绝。阿尔阿奇表示，有许多依赖救助的贫困居民。如果他们想离开，那他们完全有权利这样做。
阿尔阿奇：另一种极端情况可能是，他们会说我们不应该离开。我们不允许阿萨德政权破坏这场革命，我们不想投降。我们要找到活下去的方法。
默兹：阿尔阿奇表示，如果这是他们的选择，那他所在的组织和其他组织会尽一切努力帮助他们，无论是偷运供应还是向国际社会施压以突破包围。反对派活动人士表示，会有许多人拒绝离开，因为阿萨德政权只提供了通往其掌控地区的通道，没有通往反对派控制地区的通道。
人权观察组织警告称，虽然叙利亚及其盟友俄罗斯提供了安全通道，但这并不代表他们得到了攻击或饿死留守人员的权力。NPR新闻，艾丽森·默兹贝鲁特报道。