CRI English Unit 15:About Music 谈音说乐

tuba 大号：A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. 大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器。

harp 竖琴：An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers. 一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器。

piano 钢琴：An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals. 一种乐器，用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音，可以通过踏瓣的方式调轻声音或使之持续不断。

organ 风琴：An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes. 一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器。

harpsichord 羽管键琴：A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra.一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器，类似三角钢琴，但通常有两层键盘（部分为一层，及其个别亦有三层）和两套或更多的弦（每套发出不同音质的音），通过羽管或皮制拨子（拨子连接一顶重器，一般为一根直立的木杆）拨弦，赖琴键内端推动发声。

glockenspiel 钟琴：A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers. 按半音阶调准的分级金属棒构成的打击乐器，用两个轻槌击奏。

xylophone 木琴：A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets. 一种打击乐器，由逐级加长的一排排镶嵌的木棒组成，并发出半音音阶，用两个小木槌敲击。

bass drum 大鼓：A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound. 一种大鼓，有个圆筒形鼓身和两个面，并能发出低沉的、共鸣的声音。

tambourine 铃鼓：An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other. 小手鼓，一种由边缘嵌有能叮当作响的小金属片的小鼓面构成的一种乐器，演奏时人们一只手摇它而另一只手敲它。

lute 鲁特琴（中文的琵琶也译做lute)：A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs. 一种纵向削制的形状如梨的拨弦乐器，琴颈上有定音档的指板，通常弯曲于调音单轴之下。

mandolin 曼陀林：An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched. 常是梨形琴身，在有格纹的琴颈上装有几组供挑拨的琴弦。

guitar 吉他：An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking. 一种具有大而平的音箱的乐器，形状与小提琴相似，琴颈长，通常有六根弦，为弹拨乐器。

Part 3 Talking About Music 怎样谈“音乐” 

实用的英语句子：

第一句：Music is my favorite leisure activity.音乐是我最喜欢的休闲活动。
换种说法：In my free time, I always listen to music. 

第二句：I like all kinds of music, including pop, jazz and classical. 我喜欢各种音乐，包括流行乐，爵士乐还有古典音乐。
换种说法：I enjoy listening to a wide range of musical types.

第三句：Of all the types of music, I love pop music best. When I study, I always play pop music as it really helps me relax. 在所有音乐类型中，我最喜欢流行音乐。当我念书时，我总是放流行音乐来帮助我放松。
换种说法：My favorite type of music is pop and I listen to it in the background when I am studying.

第四句：Jazz and classical music are also good. Sometimes when I'm in a bad mood, I play orchestral numbers to relieve my emotions. 爵士乐和古典音乐也很棒。我心情不好的时候，我会放交响乐来舒缓我的情绪。
换种说法：When I'm not in the mood, listening to uplifting music helps me.

第五句：Music is really great. It's with you all the time. I hope everyone can enjoy music just like me. 音乐真的很棒。它会一直在你身边。希望每个人都跟我一样喜欢音乐。
换种说法：Music is something that should be a part of everyone's life.

Dialogue Script 1 对话原文 1

Tom: What's your hobby?
Linda: I enjoy listening to music very much. The first thing I do when I get home is to turn on my CD player.
Tom: I love music too. I simply can't do anything without some music on...I listen to the radio everyday. There is a special music program on the radio all day long.
Linda: You know, I never hesitate while buying CDs and records I like and I have a decent stereo recorder too.
Tom: What kind of music is your favorite, I wonder?
Linda: It may sound strange to you that I love pop songs but not pop singers. Classical music is also very much to my taste.
Tom: I'm crazy about country music and folk songs because they have light tunes and melodies to put you in a good mood.
Linda: What instrument can you play?
Tom: I can play the piano a bit, and I used to take violin lessons.
Linda: How good are you at violins?
Tom: I just play it on and off.

讲解：

1.在这段对话中，Tom和Linda在谈论自己对音乐的喜爱。Tom首先问Linda她的爱好是什么。What's your hobby? hobby表示兴趣爱好，嗜好。

2.Linda的爱好是听音乐，I enjoy listening to music. enjoy doing something 喜欢做某事，对某事感兴趣。enjoy后面可以加名词或动名词，例如：I enjoy my job. 我喜爱我的工作。The twin brothers always enjoy going to the concert.这一对双胞胎弟兄对听音乐会总是兴致勃勃。还有一个大家非常熟悉的词组，这里顺便提一下，就是enjoy oneself过得快乐，例如：Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在晚会上玩得开心吗?

3. Linda非常喜欢听音乐，回到家第一件事就是把CD机打开。这里turn on和 turn off是一对反义词组，分别表示打开和关上。

4.Tom也非常喜欢音乐，几乎做任何事情都要把音乐开着，with the music on，伴随着音乐。表示一种状态。Tom还收听一档特别音乐广播节目，all day long，表示一整天。

5.Linda买自己喜欢的CD和唱片从来都不会犹豫，她还有一个非常好的立体声音响，是a decent stereo recorder。Linda最喜欢的音乐类型是流行乐，但是她并不喜欢流行乐歌手，是挺奇怪的。

6.她开始的时候就跟Tom说It may sound strange to you，也许你会觉得奇怪。这是一个很好用的句型，一般用在that从句之前，委婉地表达自己的想法。Linda也非常喜欢古典音乐，Classical music is also very much to my taste. to one's taste，符合某人的口味，也就是某人对某物有兴趣。

7.Tom喜欢乡村音乐和民歌，be crazy about something or someone，发疯般地喜欢某事某人。因为乡村音乐和民歌的旋律比较轻柔，让人心情舒畅，put someone in a good mood，让某人心情舒畅。mood是心情，心境，情绪的意思，那么be out of mood, 就表示“心情不好”，也可以说I'm not in the mood. 我心情不好。mood还用来专门表示“坏心情；坏脾气”，例如：He's in one of his moods. 他心情不好。Tom还会演奏一些乐器，乐器是“musical instruments”。他会弹一点钢琴，还学过小提琴。

Dialogue Script 2 对话原文 2

Mark: Would you like to listen to my album of American country music? It's got John Denver singing "Country Roads".
Anne: Sure, I'd love to. John Denver is very popular in China. But can you tell me what's the difference between country music and pop music? Is it in the music? Or maybe in the lyrics or the way the song is sung?
Mark: In a way you can they're all essential factors. In country music, many songs are about "home" and "family".
Anne: So, I suppose, the words are simple and express real and honest feelings?
Mark: Well, people who really like country music say so. But some people will also tell you that the words are sentimental, trite, shallow, and insincere. I guess both kinds exist, but the best country music has simple and honest feelings. Let's leave it that way. Anne: What about the style of singing, and the music itself? It's different from other American music, isn't it?
Mark: In some ways, yes. The tradition was of singer with one instrument-originally a dulcimer, later a guitar. Then when radios and records become popular in the 1920's, they began using country singers commercially. Now country music is perfomp3ed by highly professional groups.
Anne: Oh, I see. Can we say that country music is a development of American folk music?
Mark: Well, let's say it's a development from folk music. Today, it is commercial, not folk. The center of country music is Nashville, Tennessee, where many people making a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on.
Anne: By the way, can you tell me more about John Denver?
Mark: Well, he's a professional singer and songwriter. Sometimes he is more like modern folk, sometimes definitely country. Take his song "Country Roads" for example. The subject is traditional: Take me back to my home in the southern mountains...and actually country music started in the south. Let's listen to John Denver's music now.

讲解：

1. 对话中Mark告诉了Anne美国乡村音乐的一些特征。Mark向Anne推荐的歌曲是John Denver的 Country Roads。John Denver是一位专业的美国乡村音乐歌首和词曲作者。这首Country Roads也是他的代表作之一。

2.Anne也非常喜欢乡村音乐，但是她不知道美国乡村音乐和流行音乐有什么区别，所以她特意向Mark请教。Mark告诉她，在曲调，歌词和演唱技巧方面，美国乡村音乐和流行音乐都有一些不同。difference in something, 在某些方面有不同，例如： I can't see much difference in them. 我看不出他们有什么大的差别。

3. 乡村音乐的主题一般都和“家”或“家庭”有关。所以Anne猜测乡村音乐的歌词都比较简单，侧重于表达内心真实情感。但是只有真正喜欢乡村音乐的人才会这么说。有些持反对意见的人会说“the words are sentimental, trite, shallow, and insincere. ”乡村音乐的歌词伤感，陈腐，浅显，虚假。这几个形容词都可以用来形容音乐。 

4.所以Mark不想过多的谈论这个话题，他说，Let's leave it that way.就这样说吧。这是一句用来做总结的话。

5.Mark还告诉Anne乡村音乐的传统风格是一位歌手，一种乐器。最初使用的是dulcimer，洋琴，后来改用了guitar。但是随着广播，唱片的开始流行，乡村音乐歌手也越来越商业化。现在的乡村音乐是由非常专业化的音乐团体来演奏和演唱的。

6.Mark还认为乡村音乐是从folk songs民歌发展来的。it's a development from folk music. 美国乡村音乐的中心在田纳西州的那什维尔。where many people making a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on. make a living on something，靠某物谋生。这句话中省略了on。