英语访谈节目:国内石油产量增加,经济效益优于环境保护?

JEFFREY BROWN:And we turn to the ups and downs of an energy boom, wrapping up our series that's looked at how new production is fueling rapid changes across the country.

In our series this week, we have seen how homegrown energy output is forging ahead, offering opportunities and posing problems at the same time. In North Dakota, new technology has led to a boom in oil production.

LANCE LANGFORD, Statoil: We are going to be here for many, many years. And once we are finished drilling these wells, these wells will produce for 30 to 40 years.

JEFFREY BROWN:Drilling means jobs in towns like Williston, but it also leaves the locals to deal with growing pains.

WOMAN:We are frustrated with lack of services. We are frustrated with traffic. We are frustrated with driving. We are not alone. And I don't care whether you have been here a long or a short time.

JEFFREY BROWN:In Colorado, one source of tension is between competing fossil fuels, as natural gas vies with the state's plentiful coal supply as a cleaner-burning option for power plants. The gas boom may also slow any shift to renewable energy, such as wind or solar power.

DAN ARVIZU, National Renewable Energy Laboratory: The bar just got a bit higher for the entrance of some of these new and alternative technologies into the energy mix.

JEFFREY BROWN:Sprouting gas wells pose a challenge over the use of public lands as well.

In Utah, environmentalists and energy firms have collaborated on ways to allow for drilling while protecting natural areas.

U.S. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar welcomes the effort.

INTERIOR SECRETARY KEN SALAZAR: It is my view that protecting the environment and developing oil and gas are not mutually exclusive. Those who say they are, are providing us a false choice.

JEFFREY BROWN:That may be, but as new technology allows for ever more extraction of fuels, the right balance and best approaches are far from settled.

And we pick up on some of the questions raised by the energy boom now with Kate Sinding, deputy director with the National Resources Defense Council. Her work includes promoting smart growth and monitoring environmental and health impacts of natural gas drilling in New York State.

And Robert Bryce, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute who's written widely on energy matters, including his recent book, "Power Hungry: The Myth of Green Energy."

Kate Sinding, I will start with you. A boom in new production, overturning a lot of old assumptions about energy in this country. Give us an overview first. What do you see happening?

KATE SINDING,National Resources Defense Council: Well, what we see happening is that the way that natural gas is being developed in this country is totally unacceptable.

You have got an industry that's running roughshod over communities. They think that they're entitled to operate under a different set of rules than those that apply to everybody else. And the result is a pattern of negative impacts to water, to air, to health, and to our communities.

It's not something that should be happening in America in 2012. And, moreover, it's not a model of development that's sustainable either from an economic standpoint or for the planet.

JEFFREY BROWN:All right, Robert Bryce, same question. General overview first, and then we will walk through some of these issues.

ROBERT BRYCE, The Manhattan Institute: Sure.

Well, I watched your reports earlier this week, and I agree with what Interior Secretary Salazar said in one of your reports. He said that the development of natural gas is one of the greatest opportunities for economic security, national security, and environmental security.

This is—the development of the shale revolution, which we're in the midst of now, is the single most important energy development on the global energy scene since the discovery of the east Texas field in the 1930s. For the U.S., this is unqualified good news.

Now, are there local impacts and are there fence line issues for neighbors and are there concerns? Of course, there are. And those won't go away, because we're seeing a lot of drilling in areas that haven't had it before.

JEFFREY BROWN:Well, so, Kate Sinding, let's go to a very specific issue, of course, at the heart of the new technology that allows a lot of this new production is fracking.

So, Kate Sinding, talk to us a little bit about that. The obvious plus is, you get more, but at what cost is the issue.

KATE SINDING:Right. Yes.

Fracking—it's been the development of fracking combined in the case of many of these resources with horizontal drilling that allows for them to develop resources where they previously hadn't thought that they economically could do so.

And what those two technologies involved mean together is significant amounts of water usage, significant generation of waste waters, generation of air pollution, lots of traditional pollution.

The significant amounts of water involved in fracking translate into hundreds of truck—truck trips for every well pad. Those, in turn, turn into not only air quality impacts, but impacts to quality of life, the kinds of things that we saw in a clip from one of the segments earlier this week.

We're grappling with some really serious issues now, issues that the industry itself is acknowledging present real problems, wastewater being a key example.

The water that—wastewater that is generated through the extraction of gas using the fracking process is heavily contaminated, both with chemicals that are used as part of the fracking process itself, as well as with naturally occurring contaminants that include heavy metals, volatile—volatile organic compounds, very high levels of salt, and in some instances radioactivity.

And millions of gallons of that wastewater are generated per well pad. So, what to do with that wastewater, how to safely dispose of it in a way that doesn't present risks to the communities not only where drilling is occurring, but where the wastewater ends up being transported, is a very vexing issue. And it highlights...

JEFFREY BROWN:Let me...

KATE SINDING:Go ahead.

JEFFREY BROWN:Well, I just wanted to—I just wanted to bring Robert Bryce in on this, because I'm wondering, is it a question of acknowledging all the kinds of questions that we just heard and the concerns, but, in the balance, that's OK? Or is—or do you question some of the science behind fracking and other technology?