英语访谈节目:对遭受毒性压力的儿童重视不足

JUDY WOODRUFF: You have heard them all: Wear your seat belt. Don't smoke. Don't drink and drive. These are all pieces of advice that we're accustomed to hearing. But they have become second nature only because of effective public health campaigns. It takes time and persuasion to change behavior. Tonight, pediatrician Nadine Burke Harris shares her Humble Opinion on what she sees as a grave threat to many children, one she believes has been misdiagnosed and overlooked.

DR.NADINE BURKE HARRIS, Author, "The Deepest Well": Ten years ago at my pediatric clinic in San Francisco, teachers, social workers and parents were bringing me child after child with concerns of ADHD. As I examined my patients, I noticed that the highest rate of behavioral problems was occurring in the kids whose parents had drug addictions or mental illness, or those who were subject to violence at home. When I dug into the science, what I found was that, for most of these kids, the problem wasn't run-of-the-mill ADHD. For most of my kids, the real problem is what the American Academy of Pediatrics now recognizes as toxic stress. Ultimately, it all boils down to our flight-or-fight response, what happens in our bodies when we experience something scary. But when activated too often, like with repeated abuse or neglect or parental addiction, it can change the structure and function of children's developing brains. It can affect their hormones, the immune system, even the way DNA is read and transcribed. And it dramatically increases the risk of both behavioral and health problems in childhood and in adulthood. Toxic stress affects white kids, black and brown kids, rich, poor, urban, rural. In other words, it can affect anyone, and it can happen anywhere. But, right now, only 4 percent of pediatricians in the U.S. are screening for toxic stress. Most haven't received any training on how to identify kids who are at risk. This has to change. Too many children with behavioral symptoms of toxic stress are being labeled with ADHD and given stimulants without any identification of the root cause. And many kids show no behavioral symptoms at all. Yet they are still more than twice as likely to go on to develop asthma, autoimmune disease, heart disease and cancer. And their life expectancy can be cut short by decades. More than 34 million American children have had at least one adverse childhood experience, like witnessing violence at home or being sexually molested. We need every medical professional in this country to be equipped with the right tools for universal screening. When identified early, doctors, educators and caregivers can help reverse the biological effects of childhood trauma. Together, we can give every child a shot at a healthy life.

JUDY WOODRUFF: Important advice from Nadine Burke Harris.