科学美国人60秒:Women Candidates Face Implicit Bias Hurdle

“In general, even those who purport to have very egalitarian view or even feminist views of the world, when they were taking this test, it’s called the Implicit Association Test…people are struggling to really associate women with leadership words.”

一般而言，即使声称支持平等观点甚至支持女权主义的人，当他们在谈论此测试时，这个测试叫内隐联想测试，人们也对女性和领导才能词汇之间的关联非常纠结。

Political scientist Cecilia Hyunjung Mo of Vanderbilt University. She measured what’s known as the implicit bias of some 400 study participants. When they saw an image of a man, the subjects were more likely to pair that picture with words like “president” and “executive.” But when they saw a female, they chose words like “assistant” and “aide.”

Cecilia Hyunjung Mo 是范德堡大学的政治科学家，讲述了上述言论。她对越400参与人员进行了隐性偏见的研究。这些实验对象在看到男性的图片时，更倾向于将图片和“总统”“主管人员”等类似的词汇相组合。但是当他们看到女性的图片时，他们则倾向于选择“助理”“助手”这样的词汇。

Mo then asked the volunteers how they would vote in two-person races. Those who were least likely to associate images of women with words associated with leadership “often chose the male candidate over the female candidate when I intentionally set it up so that the two candidates were equally qualified…and sometimes I made the women slightly more qualified.

Mo之后询问了这些志愿者们在两人的竞赛中如何投票。那些几乎很少将女性的图片与领导才能等这些词汇相关联的人，在两位候选者资历相同，甚至我可以增加了女性实力的情况下，投票给了男性候选人。

The association was a little weaker so that that qualification did help her, but not as much as I would have hoped. And if I made the male candidate slightly more qualified then he sort of overwhelmed people’s preferences. They were actually explicitly saying, yes, I’m happy to have a female president but simultaneously they were struggling on this test to really see a woman as a leader and that was translating to candidate preferences.”

在关联性较弱的情况下，这些资历的确帮助了女性，但是没有达到我所预期的结果。但是，如果我把男性候选者的实力稍微增加，毫无疑问，他会赢得人们的青睐。而这些人会这样说，我非常希望有一位从女性总统，但是他们在测试中真的看到女性领导人时，会非常的纠结，这就可以理解为对候选人的偏见。

The research is in the journal Political Behavior.

该研究成果发表在《政治行为》杂志上

“This study at least starts showing that on average when you don’t have a lot of information about policy you actually need to have a female candidate that is so obviously more qualified than the male candidate that she can overcome that hurdle…people can learn, but that’s not going to happen if people don’t actually run.

该项研究至少开始表明，一般而言，当你对政治主了解较少时， 你实际上需要的是一位实力明显胜于男性候选人的女候选者，此种条件下她才会克服这种偏见上的阻碍而杀出重围。人们也才能意识到，在人们还没有实际参加竞选的时候，这种思想根本就不会发生。

If women don’t put themselves out there then there is not going to be an example of what a woman leader can look like. And it’s those examples that need to be created so that people become much more comfortable with what a leader looks like.”

如果女性不把自己放在那个位置，就没有例子诠释女性作为领导人的情况。而且人们需要创造这样的例子，这样才能使人们对一位领导人到底应该是怎样的的想法变得能够轻松对待而不是现在这样的具有隐性偏见。