霍金“黑洞悖论”谜题真的解开了吗？(中)

So quantum mechanics has been made to work very well with every other theory, and every other force of nature. [qh]

因此，量子力学可以用来解释其他所有理论和自然力。[qh]

Quantum mechanics can describe electromagnetism and the strong and the weak force that works inside atoms, but it can't describe gravity.[qh]

量子力学可以描述电磁力和原子内部的强力和弱力，但不能描述引力。[qh]

And yet with black holes, you have something that's teeny tiny, and yet the gravity is super strong. [qh]

而对于黑洞，虽然黑洞非常微小，但引力却非常强。[qh]

And when we try to describe what's going on in them, we can't, we don't have a theory to tell us everything about how a black hole works, and we really don't understand what's going on inside them.[qh]

当我们试图描述黑洞内部的情况时，我们没有一个理论来告诉我们黑洞是如何运作的，我们真的不知道它们内部的情况。[qh]

How long have we known about this paradox?[qh]

我们知道这个悖论有多久了?[qh]

So this paradox dates back 50 years, and the story basically starts with Steven Hawking.[qh]

这个悖论可以追溯到50年前，这个故事基本上是从史蒂芬·霍金开始的。[qh]

In 1974, he discovered that black holes leak.[qh]

1974年, 他发现黑洞会泄漏。[qh]

They let out radiation over time, particle by particle. [qh]

随着时间的推移，它们会一个粒子一个粒子地释放辐射。[qh]

They get smaller and smaller and smaller, and eventually they completely disappear. [qh]

它们变得越来越小，最后完全消失了。[qh]

Sounds weird, but, okay. [qh]

听起来很奇怪，但是，这是可以的。[qh]

The problem is that if black holes can disappear, so can all the information about what fell into them.[qh]

问题是，如果黑洞可以消失，那么所有关于坠入黑洞的信息也会消失。[qh]

And that is a huge problem because that breaks the laws of physics. [qh]

这是一个巨大的问题，因为它违反了物理定律。[qh]

According to quantum mechanics, information can never be destroyed.[qh]

根据量子力学，信息永远不会被摧毁。[qh]

You might think information is destroyed all the time, when you shred an invoice or burn a book, for instance.[qh]

例如，当你撕碎一张发票或烧毁一本书时，你可能总是会认为信息是会被销毁的。[qh]

But according to physics, if you had complete knowledge of the book ahead of time of every atom and every molecule within the book, then you could follow each atom and molecule through the burning process to see where they all ended up and everything would be fine.[qh]

但根据物理学，如果你事先对书中的每个原子和分子都有完整的了解，那么你就可以跟踪每个原子和分子的消耗过程，看看它们最后去了哪里，一切都会正常运行。[qh]

But black holes aren't like this. [qh]

但黑洞却不是这样的。[qh]

If a black hole is destroyed, it's completely destroyed and there's no way to access the information that it once held. [qh]

如果一个黑洞被摧毁了，它就完全被摧毁了，我们无法获取它曾经拥有的信息。[qh]

And that can't be, that's a paradox.[qh]

这是不可能的，这是一个悖论。[qh]

Wow. But obviously there's new information and new research. [qh]

但显然出现了新的信息和新的研究。[qh]

Can you tell me about it?[qh]

你能给我讲讲吗?[qh]

Right. So for 50 years, scientists have been puzzling over this issue and trying to figure out what's going on and whether there's a way to save the information that's inside black holes.[qh]

好。50年来，科学家们一直在苦苦思索这个问题，试图弄清楚到底发生了什么，以及是否有一种方法可以保存黑洞内部的信息。[qh]

And finally, in the last few years, they've had a major breakthrough.[qh]

终于在过去的几年里，他们取得了重大突破。[qh]

The breakthrough involves several, very mind bending concepts. [qh]

这一突破涉及几个非常令人费解的概念。[qh]

One of them is wormhole, which is bridges in space time. [qh]

其中一个概念是虫洞，虫洞是时空中的桥梁。[qh]

These, these are shortcuts in space-time that connect two very distant points.[qh]

虫洞是连接两个非常遥远的点的时空捷径。[qh]

And the other has to do with the weird rules of quantum mechanics.[qh]

另一个概念与量子力学的奇怪规则有关。

According to quantum mechanics, everything that can happen. Does happen.

根据量子力学，任何事情都可能会发生。的确是会发生的。

So a particle, for instance, doesn't just travel along a straight line from point A to point B.

例如，一个粒子，不只可以沿着直线从A点抵达B点

Instead it takes all of the possible paths that could connect point A and point B.

相反，一个粒子可以选择所有可能连接A点和B点的路径。