为工作而走 Going where the work is

Hello, I’m Rob and this is 6 Minute English and I’m joined this week by Jennifer. Hello Jennifer.
大家好，欢迎收听BBC六分钟英语。我是Rob，这是我的搭档Jennifer，你好，Jennifer！
Hello Rob.
你好，Rob。
This week we’re discussing global migration – that’s the movement of people around the world and particularly those who are moving abroad to look for new work.Now is this something you have done Jen?
本周话题和全球移民有关，它是一场各国人民移居国外寻找新工作的运动。Jen，你做过这事吗？
Yes, when I was a student I moved to France to teach English for a while.
做过啊。当年还是个学生时，我曾奔赴法国，教过一段时间英语呢。
A very good job but l uckily for us, you came back to live here in the UK .Many people are forced to emigrate – or leave their home country – to go and work abroad and they never return home.We’ll talk more about that shortly and also look at some of the language associated with migration. But let’s start with today’s question.
恩，很好的工作。不过幸好你回来了（住在英国）。很多人被迫移居国外工作，再也没有回国。稍后我们会进一步讨论此话题，并学些与移民相关的语言。但在那之前，先来看看今天的问题。
And this is a question for me to answer?
呃，要我回答吗？
Of course it is! So, according to figures from the United Nations, which one of these countries has the largest number of immigrants as a percentage of its national population? Is it: a) United States of America b) Qatar c) Turkey
当然！请听题。据联合国数字显示，下面哪个国家的移民百分比最大？A.美国 B.卡塔尔 C.土耳其
I think this is an easy one. I think it will be a) The United States of America.
这多简单。我选A.美国。
Well, I’ll let you know the answer at the end of the programme. Now let’s talk more about global migration.It’s something the BBC has been looking at following research by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).We know people move from country to country for all kinds of reasons – to join other members of their family, because of war in their own country, or just to find a better lifestyle.
好的，节目最后我会告诉你答案。现在咱们来谈谈全球移民吧。BBC一直很关注经济合作与发展组织（OECD）所做的研究。我们知道人口移动有很多原因，比如加入其他家庭，躲避本国战乱，寻找更好生活方式。
But the biggest reason is to find work – people who do this are called economic migrants.Their profession – or area of work they specialise in – may not be needed where they live. Or the pay may not be very good but their skills might be in demand in another part of the world, so they are forced to move there to get a job and earn more money.
但最重要的原因莫过于找工作，即我们所谓的经济移民。或许他们的专业在本地不被需要，或许薪酬不是很高。但他们的技能可能被另一地需求，所以他们被迫移居国外，工作赚钱。
This is a problem for developing countries because it means skilled people are leaving to work in richer countries – this is what is called a brain drain.Around 214 million people are international migrants – people living and working in a different country from the one in which they were born.So what kind of work are we talking about ?
这对发展中国家来讲是个问题，因为有技能的人都在奔往富裕国家，从而导致了人才外流。全球共有约2.14亿名国际移民（居住地、工作地与出生地不一致的人）。他们都做哪些工作呢？
All kinds of things. We know that people in healthcare often move abroad to places like the UK and Australia to work as dentists, doctors or nurses.In other countries, such as Belgium, there is a need for chefs. And in countries like Norway, there is a demand for psychologists.
很多啊。比如，医疗保健业人士通常前往英国、澳大利亚等地从事牙医、医生、护士的工作。而比利时等国需要厨师，挪威等国需要心理学家。
I’ve also heard that in countries that have been affected by the financial crisis, such as Ireland and Greece, there is a need for accountants.And countries such as Brazil and France are on the lookout for electronic engineers .
我还听说受金融危机影响的国家（如爱尔兰、希腊）需要会计师。巴西、法国等国正在寻找电子工程师。
But these are all highly- skilled jobs that require qualified people – people with specialist training and qualifications.Sometimes people with such skills take on a job where they are overqualified, such as doing a cleaning job or serving in a cafe.
但这些都是高技术工作，只有受过专业培训、拥有资格证书的人才能胜任。是的，可有些人明明具备技能，却被大材小用。如清洁工、咖啡馆服务员。
So many of the immigrants’ skills are just going to waste and, as we have mentioned,their home country is losing skills that could have helped improve the local economy there .
所以很多移民的技能都被浪费了，就像我们刚刚提到的，他们的祖国正在失去本可改善经济的技能。
However, there is evidence that many migrants are working abroad to send money to family back at home – these are called remittances .They are seen as an important source of funds for economic development.In fact, official figures show that last year $US400bn of this money was being sent back to developing countries.
但也有证据表明，诸多移民会往家里寄钱，即所谓的汇款。他们被视为经济发展的重要资金来源。据官方数字显示，去年共有4000亿美元被寄回了发展中国家。
It must be hard for people to uproot – or move from their home – leave the family behind and go overseas.And it can also be a challenge to get permission to work abroad.
事实上，离开家人、移居海外是件很困难的事。而且，得到允许、国外就职是项挑战。
Yes, you mean getting a working visa – that’s a stamp in your passport that allows you to work in a certain country.In Australia for example, points are awarded to people with skills that are needed in the country; those who get the right amount of points are allowed in.
没错，你是指工作签证（即护照上的一枚邮票，可允许你在某国工作）吧？是的。比如澳大利亚会把得分奖给那些有技能的人，只有得分适量，你才能获得工作许可。
This system allows a country to adapt to the changes in skills needed to keep the economy growing.Other countries only issue a working visa if someone has been offered a specific job.
这一体系可使国家适应技能变化，保持经济增长。而在其他国家，只要某人有了特定工作，便会发给他工作签证。
Of course, migrants may hope that the new country’s streets are paved with gold – or that they think it’s an easy place to get richbut if it’s not, they can at least get some work experience that will benefit them when they get home: a sort of brain gain!
当然，移民都希望新国家的街道铺满黄金，容易发财。但如果发不了财，他们至少获得了工作经验，可在回国时受益多多，即人才引进。
Hmm, how’s your brain Jen? Because it’s time now to reveal the answer to today’s question.Earlier I asked you, according to figures from the United Nations, which one of these countries has the largest number of immigrants as a percentage of its national population?
恩，Jen，你的智力怎样呢？一起揭晓本期问题的答案吧。我刚刚的问题是：据联合国数字显示，哪个国家的移民百分比最大？
And I said a) The United States of America.
我选的A.美国。
And I’m afraid to say you are wrong. The answer is actually Qatar. Around 75 % of its population are immigrants – so that’s people who have moved there but were not born there.The USA has many more immigrants but they only make up around 12% of the population.OK, well, it’s almost time to go but before we do, Jennifer could you remind us of some of the words we have heard today.
回答错误。正确答案是卡塔尔。该国75%的人口都是移民。美国的确拥有更多的移民，但他们只占总人口的12%。好了，节目快要结束了。Jennifer，你能带我们回顾下今天听到的词汇吗？
Yes. We heard: global migration, emigrate, economic, migrants, a brain drain, qualified, overqualified, remittances, to uproot, a working visa, streets are paved with gold.
当然可以。我们听到了：global migration（全球移民） emigrate（移居国外） economic migrants（经济移民）a brain drain（人才外流） qualified（合格的） overqualified（资历过高的） remittances（汇款） to uproot（迫使某人离开出生地） a working visa（工作签证） streets are paved with gold（遍地是金，容易发财）
Thanks Jennifer. Well, that’s all we have time for today. Please join us again soon for 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.
谢谢你，Jennifer。以上就是本期节目的全部内容。记得收听下一期BBC六分钟英语哦。
Bye.
拜拜！