丘吉尔的功与过 The two sides of Churchill

Hello. Welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Neil and with me is Mike. Hello, Mike.
大家好。欢迎收听《六分钟英语》。我是尼尔。今天节目的嘉宾是迈克。你好，迈克。
Hello.
你好.
Now, today we’re talking about someone you might have read about in history books: Winston Churchill – the British Prime Minister during the Second World War who is well-known throughout the world.
今天我们要谈论的人物你可能在历史书上读过：温斯顿.丘吉尔——二战期间闻名于世的英国首相。
We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets. We shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender!
“我们在海滩上作战，我们在陆地上作战，我们在田野间，在街道上，在山岗上作战。我们决不投降！”
Ah, never surrender, in other words, never submit to your enemy. I remember reading about this speech that Churchill gave in June 1940, when France was being invaded by the forces of Nazi Germany.
决不投降，也就是说，绝不向敌人屈服。我记得这段演讲是丘吉尔在1940年6月发表的，当时德国纳粹入侵法国。
Yes, and this shows the spirit of this very famous leader still admired to this day. So much so that here in the UK we are marking the 50th anniversary of Winston Churchill’s death.
是的，这位优秀领袖的精神直到今天也让人敬仰。以至于现在英国要举办丘吉尔逝世五十周年纪念活动。
He was a controversial figure, wasn’t he, Neil? Controversial – it means people have divided opinion about him.
他是一个颇受争议的人物，不是吗？有争议的，是指有些人关于他有不同的看法。
Yes he was quite a controversial figure. You’ll learn more about him in this programme as well as some new words. But first, as ever, I’d like to ask you a quiz question, Mike.
恩，他确实是一个颇受争议的人物。在节目中你会了解到更多关于他的信息，也会学到一些新单词。一如既往，首先，我要问你一个问题。
OK, I’m ready!
好的，我准备好了！
Do you know a lot about Churchill?
你对丘吉尔了解的多吗？
I think I do, yes.
我觉得我了解的不少 。
OK. We’ll see about that. Which of these facts about Winston Churchill is false? Now, is it:
那问题来了。下列关于丘吉尔的叙述，哪个是错误的？
a) He won the Nobel Peace Prize.
a)他曾荣获诺贝尔和平奖
b) He tried three times before passing exams to the Military Academy.
b)他考了三次才进入陆军军官学校
c) He was a writer and a painter.
c)他是一位作家，也是一位画家
I think it’s (a). I think he won a Nobel Prize but I think it was Literature, not Peace.
我认为是(a)，我记得他是获得了诺贝尔奖，但好像是文学奖，不是和平奖。
Well, we’ll see at the end of the programme. Now, let’s talk about Churchill.
好的，节目最后我们再公布正确答案。现在，我们来谈谈丘吉尔。
You know what, Neil, many people think Churchill has a lot to teach some of today’s politicians.He was very determined, in other words, he was persistent. When Churchill believed in an idea, he didn’t give up easily.
你知道的，尼尔，很多人认为现在的政治家能从丘吉尔身上学到很多。他是个很坚定的人，换句话说，当丘吉尔坚信一个观点时，他非常执着，从不轻易屈服。
Yes. The Mayor of London Boris Johnson sees another good quality in Britain’s wartime leader.He says there’s one thing today’s politicians do that Churchill didn’t. What was it? How did he deal with issues?
没错。伦敦市长鲍里斯.约翰逊看到了这位英国战时领袖的另一大品质。他提到如今的政治家普遍会做，但丘吉尔绝不会如此的一件事。是什么呢？他是如何处理这些问题的？
It’s an illusion to think that he was a guy who skated over the issues.He was deeply immersed in all the detail and all the technicality and that helped him to get the right answer.
那些认为丘吉尔会将问题一笔带过的人显然是错误的。他特别注意细节，全身心投入学术，这些可以帮助他作出正确的决策。
Ah, Churchill didn’t ‘skate over’the issues. ‘To skate over’ means to avoid dealing with something. Churchill studied the issues in detail…
丘吉尔不会将问题一笔带过。“一笔带过”意味着避免处理一些问题。丘吉尔很详细地研究问题。
… and it helped him to get things right, according to Boris Johnson. One example is that Churchill actually went to Germany in the 1930s to assess the situation in the country first hand.
按鲍里斯.约翰逊所说，这能帮助他作出正确的决策。一个例子是二十世纪三十年代，丘吉尔亲赴德国考察局势。
Well, Nazi Germany was defeated and Churchill had a role in that. But there were other things he got wrong.He misjudged many situations. Misjudged, in other words, he formed a wrong opinion about them.
德国纳粹被打败，丘吉尔功不可没。但是他仍不免犯了许多错误。他错判了许多形势。误判，换句话说，他对时局作出了错误的看法。
That’s right! The historian Nigel Knight, a leading academic at Cambridge University, wrote a book about Churchill.He lists some of the mistakes made by the wartime leader throughout his political career. Now, let’s listen. How does he describe Churchill’s character?
是的。剑桥大学的著名历史学家奈杰尔.奈特曾写过一本关于丘吉尔的书。他罗列了这位战时领袖在其整个政治生涯中的失误。我们来听一听，他是怎样描述丘吉尔的性格的。
Churchill was fundamentally flawed. So was his military strategy:Gallipoli in World War One, which was replicated in the Norwegian, North African and the soft underbelly of Europe campaigns during the World War Two. It was his economic strategy as chancellor in the 1920s, the return to the gold standards, his attitude towards India and the Indians,and indeed his post war 51-55 ministry, which was very lacklustre and very poor indeed.
丘吉尔有一个明显的缺陷。就是他的军事策略：一战时的加里波利模式，在二战期间被复制到挪威，北非和欧洲运动的柔软腹地。丘吉尔二十世纪二十年代任大臣时的经济策略，回归金本位制，其对待印度和印第安人的态度，以及战后51-55年的内阁，都是非常死气沉沉，状况不佳。
Nigel Knight calls Churchill ‘flawed’, it means he had a weakness in his character. And Churchill didn’t get it right all the time.
奈杰尔.奈尔说丘吉尔是“有缺陷的”。这是指他性格上的弱点。丘吉尔并不是每次都是正确的。
No. He occupied different posts in government and sometimes he didn’t get his strategy, which means his plan of action, right. His strategy in some military campaigns ended up in disaster.
是的。他在政府的不同部门任职，有时他制定的策略并不正确，也就是说行动计划不正确。他的某些军事活动的策略最终酿成了灾难。
And his strategy regarding the British economy may have actually contributed to a period of economic crisis known as the Great Depression.And when he became prime minister again, in the 50s, his government wasn’t very good, was it Neil?
他关于英国经济的策略最终造成了经济危机，也就是大萧条时期。当他50年代第二次任首相时，以他为首的政府状况并不好，是吧？
No. Not according to the Cambridge academic Dr Nigel Knight. He called it ‘lacklustre’, which means dull, uninspiring.
是的。根据剑桥大学学者奈杰尔.奈特，他将其称之为“死气沉沉的”，也就是说迟滞的，不鼓舞人心的。
Well, we shall remember him mostly for his speeches in World War Two.
我们更多的是记得他在二战时发表的那些演讲。
Well, we’re running out of time so I’ll go back to our quiz question.
好了，我们的时间快到了。我们回到当初的问题。
You mentioned three facts about Winston Churchill and you said one of them was false, Neil.
你提及了三个关于温斯顿.丘吉尔的叙述，你说其中一个是错误的。
Yes, and the options were:
是的，选项是：
a) He won the Nobel Peace Prize.
a)他曾荣获诺贝尔和平奖
b) He tried three times before passing exams to the Military Academy.
b)他考了三次才进入陆军军官学校
c) He was a writer and a painter.
c)他是一位作家，也是一位画家
And I said I thought he won the Nobel Literature Prize, not the Peace Prize.
我说我认为他荣获的是诺贝尔文学奖，而不是和平奖。
And you were absolutely right! Churchill did win a Nobel Prize but it was for Literature because he wrote books about history. He was also a possible candidate for the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize but didn’t win.Well, that’s it for this programme but let’s just remind ourselves of some of the words we’ve used today.
你回答得完全正确！丘吉尔确实获得了诺贝尔奖，但是是文学奖，因为他写了几本关于历史的书。他也是1945年诺贝尔和平奖的候选人，但最终没有胜出。好了，节目就到这里，让我们回忆一下今天提到的单词。
surrender
投降
controversial
有争议的
determined
坚定的
skip over
略过，一笔带过
misjudged
判断失误的
flawed
有缺陷的
strategy
策略
lacklustre
死气沉沉的
Thanks, Mike. Well, that’s it for today. Do go to www.bbclearningenglish.com to find more 6 Minute English programmes. Until next time. Goodbye!
感谢迈克的到来。节目就到这了。大家可以登录www.bbclearningenglish.com获取更多《六分钟英语》的节目。下次再见！
Bye!
再见！