糖尿病Diabetes

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语，我是爱丽丝。
… And I’m Neil. Can you pass me my drink, Alice?
我是尼尔。爱丽丝，你能帮我递一下饮料吗？
Cola, Neil? That’s very unhealthy.
可乐？这太不健康了。
You told me to stop drinking coffee because it’s unhealthy – now you’re telling me cola is bad too.
你之前不让我喝咖啡，说不健康，现在你又告诉我可乐也不好。
Cola is full of sugar. There are about six teaspoons in each can.
可乐中的糖分太多了。每罐相当于含有六勺糖。
At least. That’s pretty sugary, I admit!
还是最少。我承认可乐确实含很多糖分。
Well, we’re talking about diabetes today.Diabetes is a condition where the body can’t control the amount of glucose – or sugar – in the blood.If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications, including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness.
今天我们要谈论糖尿病。糖尿病是指身体无法控制血液中的葡萄糖或糖分。如果不进行治疗，糖尿病会引起很多并发症，如心脏病、中风、肾衰竭及失明。
I’m not diabetic, though, Alice, so what’s the problem?
但我没有糖尿病，所以有什么问题？
Well, diabetes is on the rise – or increasing – all over the world.And particularly type 2 diabetes where risk factors include obesity – or being very overweight – unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise.
全世界患糖尿病的人数不断上升。尤其是二型糖尿病，肥胖、不健康饮食及缺乏锻炼都会增加患病风险。
I see. Well, while I think about that, maybe you could ask me today’s quiz question.
我懂了。我在想，也许到了今天的问题环节了。
OK. Can you tell me how many people in the world suffer from diabetes? Is it…a) 4.15 million?b) 41.5 million?Or c) 415 million?
好的。你能告诉我全世界有多少人患糖尿病吗？a) 415万?b) 4150万?还是 c) 4.15亿?
I’ll take a guess and say b) 41.5 million.
我猜是b) 4150万。
Well, we’ll find out if you got the right answer later on, Neil.Now, why do you think people are eating less healthily than they used to?
好的，之后我们再看你回答得是否正确。你觉得为什么相比过去人们如今的饮食更不健康吗？
Well, processed food has become very popular, and whilst it often tastes really good, it isn’t always a healthy choice.
如今加工食品非常受欢迎，虽然尝起来很好吃，但不健康。
Do you eat a lot of processed food, Neil?
你吃很多加工食品吗？
Of course not, Alice! Processed food, by the way, is food that’s been changed from its natural state,for example, by freezing or re-hydrating it, or by adding ingredients to it such as sugar, salt or fat. But let’s move on now and talk about exercise.
当然不会。加工食品是指改变食物的自然状态，如经过冷冻或重新注水，添加糖、盐、脂肪等调料。我们继续说别的，谈谈锻炼。
OK – but I hope you aren’t planning to have fried chicken again for lunch today from that dodgy fast-food joint round the corner.Now, one reason that people are taking less exercise than they used to is because of lifestyle changes.With increasing urbanisation people are no longer doing jobs that involve as much physical activity.
好的，但我希望你别再像今天一样去附件快餐店吃炸鸡了。如今人们锻炼得少了，主要是生活方式发生了改变。随着城市化的不断推进，人们不再从事涉及大量体力劳动的工作。
Yes, it’s true. And urbanisation means the growth of towns and cities as people move there from the countryside to live and work.We’re all sitting in cars, and offices, or on our sofas in front of the TV.
没错。城市化是指城镇的发展，人们从乡村来到城镇生活工作。我们坐车，坐办公室，坐在电视前的沙发里。
But it’s also true that children are less active than they used to be.I remember running around all the time outdoors when I was a kid.Nowadays, they’re all in front of screens, playing computer games or watching videos on YouTube.
而且孩子们也没有过去那么好动了。我记得我小时候整天都在外面跑。如今孩子们坐在各种屏幕前，玩电脑游戏或在YouTube上看视频。
So, adults and children are at higher risk of developing diabetes if they are overweight because they are likely to have higher levels of sugar in their blood. Let’s hear more about this from Dr Etienne Krug from the World Health Organization.
所以如过超重，成年人和孩子有很大的可能得糖尿病。因为他们血液中有太多糖分了。我们听听世卫组织Etienne Krug博士的发言
Diabetes is a kind of continuum. Gradually the levels of sugar in the blood increase until reaching the level of being diagnosed with diabetes.But people, before reaching diabetes, have too high level of sugar as well, sometimes,and that can be dangerous too – particularly causing cardiovascular diseases, which contributes to mortality too.
糖尿病是指持续性的疾病。血液中的糖分不断增加，以至于达到诊断为糖尿病的程度。在被查出糖尿病前，人们体内的糖分已经很高了，这也非常危险，会引发心脑血管疾病，也会造成死亡。
What’s a continuum, Alice?
continuum是什么意思？
It’s something that changes slowly over time.So in this case, as people increasingly eat food that’s high in sugar and fat, the amount of sugar in their blood increases.
是指随着时间缓慢变化。所以人们不断地吃高糖分高脂肪的食物，他们血液中的糖分会增加。
And having a high blood-sugar level may reach a tipping point – or a point when small changes become significant enough to cause a big change – and you develop diabetes.But even if you don’t develop diabetes, high blood sugar can be damaging to your health.
糖分会到达一个临界点，小的变化会引起大的改变，就会发展为糖尿病。即便没有发展为糖尿病，血液中的高糖分对健康非常有害。
It isn’t only damaging to the individual, though. Diabetes has a huge cost to society– $827bn is currently being spent every year to treat the disease.
不但对个人有害。糖尿病会给社会带来很大的代价。每年有8270亿美元花费在治疗糖尿病上。
That’s big bucks!What can we do – what can governments do – to tackle this health crisis, Alice?
好多钱啊！要解决这个健康危机，我们能做什么，政府能做什么？
Well, a key approach is to tackle the global rise in obesitybecause this addresses not only diabetes but other diseases, too, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.Let’s hear more from Dr Krug about ways to do this.
要解决这个问题，关键在于解决全球肥胖问题，因为这不仅在于解决糖尿病问题，还关乎癌症、心脑血管结冰的解决。我们再听听Krug博士的看法。
We need a combination of approaches to promote physical activityand to improve the ways we eat and that goes from breast feeding or even working with young kids to increase healthy eating. But the sugar tax is a good example that has contributed in Mexico to a decrease in sales of sugary drinks. And sugary drinks – just one drink can sometimes represent more sugar than a person needs for the whole day.
我们需要结合很多方法，增加锻炼，改善饮食从母乳阶段甚至孩童时期就要注意健康饮食。给糖征税是一个例子，墨西哥因此降低了糖类饮品的销量。糖类饮品是指饮料中含有的糖分高于人类每天需要的量。
Government schemes to encourage healthy eating sound like a good plan,but trying to get kids to eat vegetables might be tough!
政府鼓励健康饮食这听起来很好，但让孩子吃蔬菜很难！
Or stop you from drinking sugary drinks, Neil, for that matter.
让你不和糖类饮品也很难！
Leave me alone!
别管我！
Alright, then.But the government tax on sugary drinks has worked in Mexico– and the UK government is also planning to do this.OK – now remember I asked you, Neil: How many people in the world suffer from diabetes? Is it… a) 4.15 million? b) 41.5 million? Or c) 415 million?
好吧。墨西哥政府已经采取措施，给糖类饮品征税，英国政府也计划这么做。好吧，你还记得我问你的问题吗？全世界有多少人患有糖尿病？ a) 415万? b) 4150万? Or c) 4.15亿?
And I said 41.5 million.
我选的是b) 4150万。
Sorry, that’s the wrong answer, Neil.
很抱歉，你答错了。
Of course it’s the wrong answer!
当然不是这个答案了。
Yes, I’m afraid so.According to the Diabetes International Federation, based in Belgium, as of 2015, an estimated 415 million people have diabetes worldwide. This represents 8.3% of the adult population, with equal rates in both women and men.
没错。根据比利时糖尿病国际联合会的数据，2015年全世界有4.15亿人患糖尿病。这表示不论男女有8.3%的成年人患有糖尿病。
OK, I’ll be drinking herbal tea from now on.Let’s listen to the words we learned today.They were:
好吧，从今天起我开始喝茶。我们来听听今天学到的单词。分别是：
diabetes
糖尿病
glucose
葡萄糖
on the rise
增加
obesity
肥胖
processed food
加工食品
urbanisation
城市化
continuum
持续
tipping point
转折点
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English.Please join us again soon!
今天的六分钟英语就到这里。我们下期再会！
Bye.
再见！