遗产类景区Heritage sites

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语，我是爱丽丝。
And I’m Neil.
我是尼尔。
So, Neil, what’s the best holiday you’ve ever had?
尼尔，你度过最美好的假期是做什么？
That would be scuba diving on the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia.It was awesome! I saw sharks, sea turtles, manta rays...
是在澳大利亚大堡礁潜水。那段经历太棒了！我看到了鲨鱼、海龟、蝠鲼……
I certainly don’t like the idea of coming nose to nose with a shark! But then diving isn’t really my thing.I’m more into cultural holidays – you know, visiting the ruins of ancient civilisations.
我着实不喜欢和鲨鱼面对面接触。潜水也不是我的菜。我更喜欢具有文化气息的假期，例如参观古老文明的遗迹。
That’s very worthy, Alice.But tourists are actually damaging a number of important sites around the world– tramping around, dropping litter, scribbling graffiti everywhere…
很有意义啊，爱丽丝。但是游客们也破坏了很多世界重要的遗址，随处踩踏、乱扔垃圾、乱写乱画……
I would never drop litter or scribble graffiti!
我从来没有乱扔垃圾，乱写乱画!
Well, we’re talking about world heritage sites today, which are places UNESCO considers to be at risk from various threats and in need of protection.Heritage means the things a society considers important to its history and culture, for example art, buildings, or natural sites such as the Grand Canyon in the United States.
今天我们的主题就是谈论世界遗址，讨论那些联合国教科文组织认为遭受各种威胁，需要保护的地方。遗址是指一个社会认为对其历史和文化至关重要的东西。例如，艺术、建筑、自然景观，像美国的大峡谷。
And the environment poses a number of different threats.So, Neil, can you tell me which sea creature is a potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef’s ecosystem?Is it a …a) starfish?b) jellyfish?Or c) cuttlefish?
环境变化也给这些遗址带来了许多威胁。尼尔，你能告诉我哪种海洋生物会对大堡礁的生态系统造成威胁吗？a)海星b)海蜇还是c)乌贼？
I will go for b) jellyfish.I’m no expert on marine life, but I have eaten jellyfish and I haven’t eaten the other ones.
我选b)海蜇。我不是海洋生物的专家，但我吃过海蜇，其他的两个没吃过。
Oh, I see. Well, we’ll find out later on if you are an expert or not.But let’s listen now to BBC reporter Roger Harrabin talking about other types of threat to heritage sites.See how many you can spot!
好吧。节目的最后我们再看你是不是专家。我们听听BBC记者Roger Harrabin 的谈话，谈论对遗址造成的各类威胁。看你能数出多少种！
The most precious wonders of the natural world– Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, America’s spectacular Grand Canyon, the Barrier Reef of Belize in South America,second biggest on Earth – all facing threats from humans.The Great Barrier Reef is attracting urgent concern.There’s a huge battle over mining and port development.A giant coalmine has just been given the go-ahead by the Queensland government even though scientists warn it may damage the Reef.
自然界最珍贵的奇迹——澳大利亚大堡礁，美国壮观的大峡谷，世界第二大堡礁南美伯利兹堡礁，都遭遇了来自人类的威胁。大堡礁的处境得到了人们的关注。矿业和港口发展方面存在巨大争执。昆士兰政府着力优先开采大型煤矿，即便科学家告诫这会损害珊瑚礁。
That’s the BBC’s Roger Harrabin.Well, I spotted a couple of threats to heritage sites there – mining and port development.Now, any type of industrial activity can harm them by, for example, encroaching on the natural habitat of animals and plants living there,or by polluting the water that flows into the site.
上述便是BBC记者Roger Harrabin的看法。我听出两个威胁——采矿和港口发展。任何类型的工业活动都会破坏遗产型景区，如侵占动植物自然栖息地，或污染的水源流入景区。
Mining is the process of extracting coal or other minerals from the ground, and if you encroach on something, it means you move beyond acceptable limits.The interesting thing is that world heritage sites only constitute 0.5% of the Earth’s surface – so why can’t people do their mining and industrial development on the remaining 99.5%!
采矿是指将煤或其他矿石从地面采出。侵犯某物，是指你的活动超出可接受的范围。有意思的是全世界遗产类景观只占地球表面的0.5%。所以为什么人们不能在剩下的99.5%的土地上采矿，发展港口！
But there is one human industry that can actually be beneficial for precious sites: tourism.
但有一项产业有利于这些珍贵的景观：旅游业。
But you said earlier that tourism was bad for heritage sites.
但你之前说过旅游业不利于遗址的保护。
I know. And I was right, up to a point. World heritage sites are some of tourism’s main attractions, and more and more people are visiting them.So it’s all about getting the balance right between generating money to maintain and restore the sites and minimizing the impact of tourist activities.
我知道，在一定程度上我说过的是对的。世界遗产是旅游业中的主要景点，越来越多的人们前来参观。所以吸收资金维护和修缮景点和将旅游活动的影响降至最小，这二者之间要达到平衡。
Such as littering and graffiti.
例如乱扔垃圾，乱写乱画。
Exactly. And the term for this is sustainable tourism – or tourism designed to have a low impact on the local culture and the environment,while generating employment for local people.
没错。有一个术语就叫可持续旅游，即对当地文化和环境产生较小影响的旅游业，同时也会刺激当地就业。
So UNESCO is working to direct governments, site managers and visitors towards sustainable tourism practicesin order to keep our world’s natural and cultural heritage safe for future generations.
所以联合国教科文组织试图引导政府，景点经营者，以及游客向可持续旅游发展，为我们的后代保护好自然界和文化遗产。
Wow, you can really talk the talk, Alice. You should work for UNESCO!OK, let’s move on now, and listen to Paul Crocombe, of the Snorkelling and Diving Company in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, giving his view on how the Great Barrier Reef will cope with threats to its survival.
你说的头头是道。你应该为教科文组织工作！好了，我们继续说，听听Paul Crocombe的看法，他在位于澳大利亚昆士兰汤斯维尔的Snorkelling and Diving Company公司工作，他会讲述大堡礁如何应对威胁，得以存活。
The Reef’s fairly dynamic, it’s been through a couple of ice ages, and is still here,so its resilience will ensure that the Reef is still here in years to come.But the species diversity and the… the visual aesthetics of the Reef may change quite considerably,especially if we get an increase in sea temperature, an increase in carbon dioxide in the water, and things like that.
珊瑚是非常有活力的，它们挺过冰河时期，仍然存在着，其强大的恢复力可以保证珊瑚年复一年的存在。但种类的多样性，以及视觉上的美感会发生很大的变化，尤其是海水温度上升，水中的二氧化碳增加以及类似情形的出现。
Paul Crocombe describes the Reef as ’dynamic’ and ’resilient’.
Paul Crocombe 认为珊瑚非常有活力，并且恢复力极强。
Dynamic means active or capable of changing and resilience means the ability to recover or adapt to change – which all sounds good. But Paul also says that the species diversity – the range of plants and animals – may change.
Dynamic是指活跃的，能够改变的，resilience是指适应改变，并得以恢复的能力。这听上去都很好。但Paul表示种类的多样性，也就是动植物的类型也许会发生改变。
For example, a rise in sea temperature would cause a rise in carbon dioxide levels – and this could have a big impact on both the species diversity and the Reef’s visual aesthetic – or the way it looks.
例如，海水温度上涨，会造成二氧化碳含量增加，这会对种族多样性及珊瑚的视觉美感产生影响，视觉审美也就是它看上去的样子。
OK, I think it’s time now for the answer to today’s quiz question, Alice.
好了，也是时候公布今天问题的答案了。
Yes, I think so too.OK, so, I asked you: Which sea creature poses a potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef’s ecosystem?Is it a type of … a) starfish, b) jellyfish or c) cuttlefish?
我也这么觉得。好了，我问你，哪种海洋生物会对大堡礁的生态系统造成威胁？a) 海星, b) 海蜇 还是 c) 乌贼？
And I said b) jellyfish.
我选的是 b) 海蜇。
And you got stung, I’m afraid, Neil!
恐怕你答错了！
Ouch!
天啊！
The answer is starfish. The crown-of-thorns starfish preys on coral and large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs.Now, can you remind us of some of today’s vocabulary, Neil?
正确答案是海星。棘冠星鱼会捕食珊瑚虫，大量的海星会摧毁珊瑚。现在可以带我们回忆一下今天的单词吗？
Sure:
当然：
heritage
遗址
encroach on something
侵犯某物
sustainable tourism
可持续旅游
dynamic
有活力的
resilience
恢复力
species diversity
种族多样性
visual aesthetic
视觉美感
Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English.Don’t forget to join us again soon!
今天的六分钟英语就到这里。不要忘了下期再会！
Bye!
再见！