The Clean Air Act Under a Trump Administration(翻译)

United States officials have enforced a law called The Clean Air Act for more than half a century.
美国政府连续半个多世纪都在执行一项名为《清洁空气法案》的法律。
The measure gives the federal government power to control air pollution across the country.
该法案赋予联邦政府控制全国空气污染的权力。
Since 1963, the Clean Air Act has helped clean the air Americans breathe, control acid rain, and slow reductions in Earth’s ozone layer.The ozone layer helps protect people and other living things from the sun’s harmful radiation.
自1963年以来，《清洁空气法案》帮助美国人净化呼吸的空气，控制酸雨，减缓地球臭氧层的减少。臭氧层有助于保护人类和其他生物免受太阳的有害辐射。
In recent years, Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama used the act to control carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.Studies have linked those gases to rising temperatures and changes in Earth’s atmosphere.
近年来，小布什总统和奥巴马总统使用这一法案来控制二氧化碳和其他温室气体。研究显示这些气体与全球变暖和地球大气层的变化均有联系。
Obama, in particular, sought to limit the amount of carbon dioxide American power stations could produce.
奥巴马还特别对美国发电站产生的二氧化碳排放量进行限制。
But President Donald Trump is not likely to continue on that path.Trump has questioned the reality of climate change.And, he suggests that federal environmental rules are hurting American businesses.
但是唐纳德·特朗普总统不太可能继续践行这个法案。特朗普对气候变化的真实性提出质疑。而且，他表示，联邦的环境法规有损美国企业。
Trump is reportedly preparing to use executive orders to overturn some of Obama’s policies on air and water quality.He already issued one this week: an order to cancel the Clean Water Rule.
据报道，特朗普正准备使用行政命令来推翻奥巴马关于空气和水质的一些政策。他本周已经发布了一项命令：取消《清洁水法案》。
The rule lets the federal government define what waters are protected under environmental regulations – such as small streams and wetlands that connect to a larger ecosystem.
该法案允许联邦政府规定哪些水域受到环境法规的保护 - 例如连接到更大生态系统的小溪和湿地。
Federal officials say the rule is meant to help landowners understand when to ask for government approval.
联邦官员说，这条法案是为了帮助土地所有者知道何时需要政府批准。
But critics say the Clean Water Rule gives the government too much power.
但批评者说，《清洁水法案》赋予政府太多的权利。
As Trump signed the executive order to repeal the rule,he said environmental regulators were “putting people out of jobs by the hundreds of thousands.”
特朗普签署了废除这一法案的行政命令，他说环境监管机构“使人们失去了几十万的工作机会”。
“It’s a horrible, horrible rule,” he said.“Has sort of a nice name, but everything else is bad.”
“这是一项非常可怕的法律，”他说。“尽管有一个很好听的名字，但其他的一切都是坏的。
Trump has also appointed someone who is not sure that people cause climate change to lead the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.The EPA is the federal agency that makes sure the regulations created by the Clean Air Act are followed.
特朗普还任命了美国环保局新局长，这位局长并不认为是人类导致了气候变化。美国环保局是确保人们遵守《清洁空气法案》的联邦机构。
Before he became the EPA director, Scott Pruitt took the agency to court more than a dozen times.
在成为美国环保局局长之前，斯科特·普利特（Scott Pruitt）曾将环保局告到法院十多次。
As the top lawyer for the state of Oklahoma,he argued the federal government did not have the power to control greenhouse gas emissions as much as it did.
作为俄克拉荷马州的顶级律师，他认为联邦政府没有权力控制温室气体排放。
Pruitt spoke to EPA workers last month.He said the EPA and the nation can support energy, jobs, and the environment.We do not need to choose, he said.
普利特上个月与环保局工作人员交谈。他说，环保局和国家可以支撑能源，工作和环境。我们不需要选择，他说。
More recently, Pruitt told conservative political activists that the EPA does some important work on air and water quality.But, he said, the Obama administration was so concerned about climate change that it neglected those activities.
最近，普利特对保守党派政治活动家表示说，环保局的确对空气质量和水质量方面做了一些重要工作。但是，他说，奥巴马政府太过于关注气候变化，以至于他忽视了其他一些工作。
Supporters of rules aimed at slowing climate change say questions about the EPA’s authority will likely end up in the courts.
减缓气候变化法案的支持者说，环保局的权力问题可能会由法院裁定。
Thomas Carbonell is with the Environmental Defense Fund, a not-for-profit group.He says the Clean Air Act is one of the strongest examples of environmental legislation in the world.
托马斯·卡波纳是环境保护基会——一个非营利组织——的成员。他说，《清洁空气法案》是世界上最好的环保法律之一。
Carbonell says the act has also “made the U.S. a global leader in pollution control technologies that are really helping to generate investments and jobs here at home.”
卡波纳说，这一法案还“使美国成为污染控制技术的全球领导者，真正有助于在国内创造投资和就业机会。”
He is sure that EPA programs have strong legal and scientific support.He notes the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled three times that the Clean Air Act gives the EPA the right to deal with the threat of climate change.
他确信环保局的规划有着强大的法律和科学依据。他指出，美国最高法院已经通过了三次裁定，判决《清洁空气法案》赋予环保局处理气候变化威胁的权利。
But in 2016, the Supreme Court stopped a piece of climate change legislation.That measure would have forced U.S. power centers to cut their pollution by one-third.
但在2016年，最高法院停止了一项气候变化立法。这项立法将迫使美国电力中心减少三分之一的污染物。
The Court said the law has to wait until a lower court decides whether the EPA has the right to make those new regulations.
法院说，这项法律能否成立必须等到下级法院决定出环保局是否有权制定这些新的条例。
Now, under the new Trump Administration, it is unclear what will happen.
现在，在新一任特朗普政府的领导下，还不清楚会发生什么。
In a speech to conservative activists last week, Trump said he would protect the environment.He has yet to say what steps he plans to take.
川普在上周对保守派活动家的讲话中表示，他会保护环境。但他没有说打算采取什么措施。
I’m Anne Ball.
我是安妮·鲍尔。