报告呼吁美俄进行核武器控制合作

The United States and Russia urgently need to restart cooperation to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, a new report says.
一份报告称美国和俄罗斯急需重启合作以防止核武器扩散。
The International Institute for Strategic Studies, or IISS, based in London released the report. It is called "Once and Future Partners: The United States, Russia and Nuclear Non-Proliferation."
总部位于伦敦的国际战略研究所发布了这份报告。报告名为《曾经和未来的伙伴：美、俄与核不扩散》。

The study uses formerly secret documents to show incidents in which the U.S. and Western countries cooperated with Russia to limit the spread of nuclear weapons in the past.
该研究采用了以前的机密文件来展示美国等西方国家同俄罗斯过去合作限制核武器扩散的事件。

Cold War competitors worked together to limit nuclear arms
冷战竞争对手合作限制核武器

One important example of cooperation during the period known as the Cold War took place in August of 1977.
冷战时期一项重要的合作案例发生在1977年8月。

Soviet spy satellites showed preparations for a nuclear weapons test at a military base in South Africa. At the time, South Africa was ruled by a system of racial separation known as apartheid. The Soviets consulted with the U.S. before publicly announcing their findings.
苏联间谍卫星展示了南非一处军事基地准备进行核武器试验。当时，南非受种族隔离制度的统治。在公开宣布他们的调查结果之前，苏联人曾与美国进行过磋商。

Nicholas Redman is with the IISS. He spoke about relations between the U.S. and Soviet Union. He said the incident shows that, even during the tense period of the Cold War, the two sides could work together.
尼古拉斯·莱德曼(Nicholas Redman)就职于国际战略研究所。他谈到了美国和苏联之间的关系。他说，这起事件表明，即使是在冷战的紧张时期，双方也可以合作。

Redman said, "The Soviets took the risk of sharing this intelligence with the United States."
莱德曼表示：”苏联人冒着风险同美国分享这种情报。“

South Africa denied it planned to carry out a nuclear weapons test. However, U.S. intelligence soon confirmed the presence of the test site. It helped pressure South Africa to cancel its plans.
南非否认计划进行核武器试验。但是美国情报部门很快证实了该试验场的存在，这有助于迫使南非取消计划。

Another example was the cooperation between U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
另一个案例是美国总统卡特同苏联领导人勃列日涅夫之间的合作。

Redman says that personal relationshipa were important, but other supports needed to be in place to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
莱德曼表示，个人关系很重要，但是需要有其它支持来防止核武器扩散。

"The fact that there were arms control specialists and scientific specialists in both governments, the fact that they met regularly...this was actually vital in building the entire regime," he said.
他说：”事实是两国政府都有武器控制专家和科学家，他们会定期会面，这对整个制度建设来说至关重要。“

The development of a plan for limiting the spread of nuclear weapons took about 10 years of talks in Geneva during the 1960s. The result was the 1970 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). It remains important to nuclear arms control. But the NPT is being questioned more than at any time in its past.
限制核武器扩散计划的发展历经了20世纪60年代大约10年的谈判，从而诞生了1970年的《不扩散核武器条约》。它对控制核武器仍然至关重要。但是《不扩散核武器条约》正遭受前所未有的质疑。

Redman noted: "So there's a need for an investment to rebuild these habits of cooperation because the threats haven't actually gone away. There are still a lot of nuclear weapons that aren't as secure as we would like them to be. There are even more nuclear materials..."
莱德曼指出：”所以需要有所投入来重新建立这些合作常态，因为这些威胁实际上并未消失。仍然有很多核武器不像我们希望的那样安全，甚至有了更多和材料......“

A new arms race?
新一轮军备竞赛？

Some experts are concerned that a new nuclear arms race is developing. They point to Russia developing so called tactical atomic weapons and American efforts to modernize nuclear weapons.
一些专家担心新一轮核军备竞赛正在形成。他们提到了俄罗斯在发展所谓的战术原子武器，而美国在努力使核武器现代化。

The United Nations has tried to support nuclear arms control with the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. However, no nuclear powers have been willing to sign the treaty.
联合国试图通过2017年的《禁止核武器条约》支持核军备控制。然而，没有核大国愿意签署该条约。

Redman said, "Unless the United States and Russia cooperate, the problem is they could very quickly lose the initiative they have held up till now."
莱德曼表示：”除非美国和俄罗斯合作，问题是这样他们很快就会失去他们迄今为止所拥有的主动性。“