报告称俄罗斯向朝鲜秘密运输石油

A South Korean research group says Russia exported more oil to North Korea than previously reported.
一家韩国研究组织表示，俄罗斯向朝鲜出口的石油量超出了以往的报道。
A new report by the Seoul-based Asan Institute for Policy Studies suggests Russia set up a secret trading system to get around United Nations economic sanctions on North Korea.
总部设在首尔的牙山政策研究所的一份新报告显示，俄罗斯建立了一个秘密交易体系，以绕开联合国对朝鲜的经济制裁。

The report centers on the activities of Russia's Independent Petroleum Company (IPC). IPC was targeted by the U.S. Treasury Department in June 2017 for violating restrictions on oil exports to North Korea.
这份报告聚焦于俄罗斯独立石油公司(简称IPC)的相关动作。该公司由于违反对朝鲜出口石油管制，于2017年6月份被美国商务部制裁。

IPC was found to have sold large amounts of oil to Russian-linked companies, the report says. Some of the companies were used to cover up the oil exports to North Korea by falsifying information about which countries the supplies were shipped to.
该报告称，发现俄罗斯独立石油公司向俄罗斯关联公司出售了大量石油。，其中一些公司被用于掩盖对朝鲜的石油出口，掩盖手段是伪造运输目的地国家的相关信息。

The report says one North Korean state company was found to have bought nearly 623,000 tons of Russian oil worth $238 million between 2015 and 2017. The Asan group said it discovered the information in Russian customs documents.
该报告称，2015年到2017年期间发现一家朝鲜国营公司购买了价值2.38亿美元的近62.3吨俄罗斯石油。牙山政策研究所表示，它在俄罗斯海关文件中发现了这些信息。

But the Korea International Trade Association in Seoul had reported only about $25 million in Russian oil sales between 2015 and 2017.
但是首尔的韩国国际贸易协会报告称，2015年到2017年之间，俄罗斯的石油销售额仅为2500万美元。

The report says the U.S. State Department estimates North Korea has been importing around 4 million barrels of crude oil and 4.5 million barrels of processed oil each year. And China is North Korea's main oil supplier.
该报告称，美国国务院估计朝鲜每年进口约400万桶原油和450万桶成品油。中国也是朝鲜的主要石油供应国。

Go Myong-Hyun is a North Korea expert with Asan. He says smuggling has always been an important part of cross-border trading between North Korea and its close allies. He said, "What the Chinese government - and the Russian government to a lesser extent - have been doing, is to turn a blind eye to these activities."
Go Myong-Hyun是牙山政策研究所的朝鲜问题专家。他说，走私一直是朝鲜及其亲密盟友之间跨境贸易的重要组成部分。他说，“俄罗斯在较小程度上对这些活动视而不见。”

More violations of international sanctions
更多违反国际制裁的行为

The information from Asan came after a report in the Wall Street Journal accused Russia of possibly violating international sanctions another way. That report said Russia issued work permits to more than 10,000 North Korean laborers since September to work in Russia.
在《华尔街日报》的一篇报道指责俄罗斯可能以另一种方式违反国际制裁之后，传出了 牙山政策研究所的这些信息。那篇报道称，自9月份以来，俄罗斯向1万多名朝鲜劳工发放了到俄罗斯打工的工作许可证。

U.N. sanctions put in place in September of 2017 ban member countries from "providing work authorization" permits to North Korean workers.
2017年9月实施的联合国制裁禁止成员国向朝鲜劳工提供工作许可证。

Russian officials denied the newspaper report. Last week, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Nikki Haley said she found the story "credible." She said "reports of Russia violating U.N. Security Council resolutions on North Korean laborers working abroad are deeply troubling."
俄罗斯官员否认了这篇报道。上周，美国驻联合国大使黑利表示，她发现这篇报道可信。她说，“俄罗斯违反联合国安理会关于朝鲜劳工出国打工决议的报道令人深感不安。”

In December of 2017, the U.N. Security Council strengthened the sanctions. They cut North Korean oil imports by about one third, while placing a total export ban on coal and other mineral industries. The sanctions also affected $800 million in North Korean clothing manufacturing, as well as the country's seafood industry.
2017年12月，联合国安理会加强了制裁。安理会将朝鲜的石油进口量削减了约1/3，同时全面禁止煤炭和其它矿产行业出口。该制裁还影响到了朝鲜价值8亿美元的的服装制造业以及海鲜行业。

There are signs the international sanctions have severely harmed North Korea's economy over the past year. The Bank of Korea has estimated the sanctions banned about 90 percent of the country's trade.
有迹象表明，国际制裁在过去一年里严重损害了朝鲜经济。据韩国银行估计，这些制裁禁止了该国约90%的贸易。

The restrictions aim to pressure North Korea to give up its nuclear weapons and missile programs. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un promised to work toward denuclearization during his meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump in Singapore in June.
这些限制旨在迫使朝鲜放弃其核武器和导弹计划。朝鲜领导人金正恩6月份在新加坡与美国总统川普会晤时承诺努力实现无核化。