美英打击外国贿赂

A new report rates the United States and Britain as the largest exporters most active at enforcing rules meant to stop companies from paying bribes in foreign markets. The report found that many other nations are doing almost nothing to stop bribery.
一份新报告将美国和英国列为最积极执行旨在阻止企业在国外市场行贿的规定的最大出口国。该报告发现，其它许多国家都几乎未采取任何行动制止行贿。
The study comes from Transparency International, the Berlin-based anti-corruption group. It found that only four of 47 countries were actively enforcing laws against foreign bribery in 2019. The four countries -- the U.S., Britain, Switzerland and Israel -- are responsible for 16.5 percent of exports worldwide.
该研究来自于总部位于柏林的反腐败组织透明国际。该调查发现，在47个国家中，只有4个国家在2019年积极执行打击国外行贿的法律。这四个国家是美国、英国、瑞士和以色列，它们占全球出口的16.5%。

That compares with the seven countries identified as actively enforcing legislation against foreign bribery in 2018.
这与2018年有7个国家积极执行打击国外行贿的法律形成了鲜明对比。

"Our research shows that many countries are barely investigating foreign bribery," said Gillian Dell, the lead writer of the report.
该报告的主要作者吉莉安·戴尔表示：“我们的研究表明，许多国家几乎不调查国外行贿。”

"Unfortunately, it's all too common for businesses in wealthy countries to export corruption to poorer countries, undermining institutions and development," she added.
她还表示：“不幸的是，发达国家企业向贫穷国家出口腐败、破坏制度和发展，这些都太普遍了。”

The 1997 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development agreement bans bribes to win business deals, or to avoid paying taxes.
经合组织1997年通过的协议禁止通过行贿赢得商业合同或是避税。

China is the world's largest exporter and did not sign the agreement. The new report found that China had "little or no enforcement," as did India, and agreement signers Japan and South Korea.
中国是全球最大的出口国，该国没有签署该协议。这份新报告发现，中国和印度都很少或根本不执法，而签署了协议的日本和韩国也是如此。

Germany, the world's third-largest exporter, also signed the agreement. The report found Germany had "moderate enforcement," as do other major exporters like France, Italy and Spain.
全球第三大出口国德国也签署了该协议。报告发现，德国、法国、意大利和西班牙等其它主要出口国的执法力度均为中等。

Germany and Italy both fought fewer bribery cases in 2019 than during 2018, while France and Spain improved their performance.
德国和意大利2019年打击行贿的案件比2018年要少，而法国和西班牙的表现有所改善。

Agreement signers Netherlands, Canada and Austria are the biggest exporters that showed only "limited enforcement," the report said.
报告称，签署了协议的荷兰、加拿大和澳大利亚是仅展现出“有限执法力度”的最大出口国。

"Too many governments choose to turn a blind eye when their companies use bribery to win business in foreign markets," noted Transparency International's head, Delia Ferreira Rubio.
透明国际的负责人迪莉亚·费雷拉·鲁比奥表示：“当企业利用贿赂在国外市场赢得业务的时候，大多数政府都选择视而不见。”

"G20 countries and other major economies have a responsibility to enforce the rules," she added.
她还说：“二十国集团国家和其它主要经济体有责任执行这些规定。”

Transparency's suggestions include ending secrecy in ownership of companies. The group says secrecy makes investigating foreign bribery difficult. It also is used to protect parent companies from being responsible for the actions of their foreign subsidiaries.
透明度国际提出的建议包括终止公司所有权的保密性。该组织表示，保密使得调查国外行贿变得困难。它还被用于保护母公司免于对其国外子公司的行为负责。