和谐英语

VOA慢速英语:Looking for New Ways to Fight Malaria

2009-12-07来源:和谐英语
1.Economic losses from the disease amount to an estimated one percent of the African economy each year.

amount to共计

例句:The bill amounts to $500.
      这张账单共计500美元。

意味着

例句:His words amounted to a threat.
      他的话实际上是威胁。

2.George Dimopoulos is an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.

associate professor副教授

英语中表示副职的词语有很多,不同的职位用法也不同,现在归纳如下:

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice, associate, assistant, deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:
 
副总统(或大学副校长等)vice president
副主席(或系副主任等)vice chairman
副总理vice premier
副部长vice minister
副省长vice governor
副市长vice mayor
副领事vice consul
副校长(中小学)vice principal
 
    行政职务的副职头衔与的学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:
 
副教授associate professor
副研究员associate research fellow
副主编associate managing editor
副编审associate senior editor
副审判长associate judge
副研究馆员associate research fellow of ... (e.g..,library science)
副译审associate senior translator
副主任医师associate senior doctor
 
当然,有些英语职位头衔,如manager和headmaster,其副职头衔可冠以assistant,例如:
 
副总经理assistant/deputy general manager,assistant/deputy managing director
大堂副理(宾馆)assistant manager
副校长(中小学)assistant headmaster
 
    以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外,secretary,mayor,dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:
 
副秘书长deputy secretary-general
耐书记deputy secretary
副市长deputy mayor
副院长deputy dean
 
 学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外,还有初级职称如“助理”,“助理”常用assistant来表示,例如:
 
助理教授assistant professor
助理研究员assistant research fellow
助理工程师assistant engineer
助理编辑assistant editor
助理馆员assistant research fellow of…(e. g.,library science)
助理教练assistant coach
助理农艺师assistant agronomist


3.All of these people are in risk of being infected with malaria.

in risk of有……的风险

4.The sad thing is that the majority of people that are killed by malaria are children because there immune system is not strong enough to ward off this infection.

ward off挡开,架开,避开,防止…

例句:Eating this will ward off various diseases.
      吃这东西可以避免多种的传染病。

      He poised himself to ward off the attack.
      他摆出要挡开攻击的姿势。

5.But George Dimopoulos says malaria needs to be attacked with drugs, with vaccines, with bed nets -- with whatever researchers can find.

needs to be attacked需要用……来袭击

need还有一个特殊用法:

need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动: 
  
need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味