正文
VOA慢速英语:Margaret Mead, 1901-1978: A Public Face of Anthropology
depend on依赖,依靠;取决于,随…而定
例句:It all depends on [upon] the weather.
那完全得看天气如何而定。
2.They believed her fame resulted as much from her colorful personality as from her research.
result from由…引起,是…的结果
例句:I think his cancer is resulted from the overfull tire.
我认为他是因为过多的劳累而得了癌症。
3.They did not observe births and deaths unless they were involved in medical work.
unless与if not的区别
两者都可表示否定的条件,有时可换用。如:
Come tomorrow unless I phone [if I don’t phone]. 要是我没有打电话,明天就来。
You won’t catch the train unless you hurry [if you don’t hurry]. 你要是不赶快,你就赶不上火车了。
但是在下列情况下,通常要用 if ... not 而不用 unless:
1. 当所述条件要引出一种新的想法或情况(而不是结束已存在的想法或状态)时。如:
I’ll be angry if I’m not invited to the party. 如果不邀请我参加晚会,我会生气的。(即“不邀请我去参加晚会”会导致一种新情况——“我会生气”)
I will be surprised if he doesn’t have an accident. 他要是不出事,我倒感到奇怪了。(即“他不出事”会导致一种新情况——“我感到奇怪”)
2. 当要引出一个表示假想的(imaginary)条件句时。如:
If he weren’t so silly, he would understand. 他要不是那样傻的话,他就会明白了。(实际上他很傻)
If I hadn’t stopped her, she would have jumped down. 要不是我阻止了她,她就跳下去了。(实际上我阻止了她)
注:偶尔可见到 unless 用于假想条件句,但有不少语法家反对这一用法,建议学生不要模仿。顺便说一句,unless 有时用于引出一个补充前言的话(此时通常用破折号而不用逗号且不能用 if ... not 替换),此时若谈论的是过去的情况,注意不要与表示想象的条件句相混淆。如:
I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time — unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场,除非我赶上了较早的一班火车。(事实是“我”没有及时到会)
若将上句中的 unless 换为 if ... not,则意思有很大差别:
I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time if I had not caught an earlier train. 要是我没有赶上早一班火车,我就不可能及时到会了。(事实是“我”及时到会了)
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