和谐英语

VOA慢速英语:A Cotton Plant Kills One Kind of Bug, but Gets Blamed for Another

2010-05-25来源:和谐英语
1.It also involved Bt cotton, a plant genetically engineered to resist that threat.

a plant是前面的Bt cotton的同位语。genetically engineered to是过去分词做后置定语,修饰plant,这种情况下可以转变为定语从句的形式:a plant which is genetically engineered to...

2.He says this is happening where mirids never before were a problem.

where引导状语从句,例如:

例句:Put the medicine where children can’t reach it.
      把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。

      You can’t camp where you like these days.
      如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。

where引导状语从句和引导定语从句的差别:

一、where引导定语从句时, where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词, where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如:

    The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. 我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。

    This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年前住的那个房子。

    We will start at the point where we left off. 我们将从上次停下来的地方开始。

二、where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如:

    Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉江汇合处。

    Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做一个记号。

    I found my books where I had left them. 我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。

    有时, where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如:

Where there is a will, there is a way. 〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。

Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。

3.Then scientists learned how to put a Bt gene into cotton plants.

how to用法

不定式有时可以与what, which, who, how, when, where等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中主要用作宾语,也可用作主语、表语等:

I don’t know what to do. 我不知道怎么办。

Tell me when to hold the meeting. 告诉我什么时候开会。

The question is how to use the machine. 问题是如何使用这台机器。

Where to get so much money is a question. 到哪里去弄这么多钱是个问题。

【注】疑问词why 后不能接不定式:

误:I don’t know why to leave.

正:I don’t know why I must leave. 我不知道我为什么必须离开。

但是,why后可接不带to的不定式(即动词原形):

Why go with her? 为什么要与她一起去?

Why not tell her the truth? 为什么不告诉她实情?

与相应从句的转换

有时“疑问词+不定式”可以转换成相应的从句:

Tell me when to leave. / Tell me when we shall leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。

I don’t know how to find him. / I don’t know how I can find him. 我不知道如何找到他。

Where to get the money is just our problem. / Where we can get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事

4.As a result, the study in China found that the cotton plants could also help protect nearby crops against damage by the insects.

protect against保护, 保卫

例句:We protected him against his enemy.
      我们保护他使他不受敌人侵犯。

      You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold.
      你需要暖和的衣服来御寒。

5.Bt is a bacterium that was discovered in the early twentieth century.

early twentieth century年代的表示方法

1)世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加's表示

the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪

the 1900's 二十世纪

the 1600's 十七世纪

这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。

2)年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)

在二十世纪三十年代

in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)

在十九世纪六十年代

In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.

在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。

3)表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late

in the early 1920's 在二十世纪二十年代早期

in the mid-1950's 在二十世纪五十年代中期