VOA慢速英语:Gardening: Vegetables Made in the Shade

Not all vegetables need lots of sunshine. Mark Hoffman and his wife, Guia, own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse in rural Kempton, Illinois. They often serve their guests produce fresh from the garden.
并非所有的蔬菜都需要很多阳光。Mark Hoffman和他的妻子Guia在伊利诺伊州的肯普顿经营着一家假日宾馆。他们经常为客人提供来自自己的菜园的新鲜蔬菜。

The Hoffmans have been growing food and flowers for twenty-five years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffman has been experimenting and working with shade plantings. He says visitors to his website -- greenhousebed.com -- often ask how to plant in shade spaces.
Hoffman夫妇已经自己种植食物和鲜花25年的时间。大约10年的时间里，Hoffman先生一直试验喜阴植物的种植。他说，他的网站greenhousebed.com的访客经常向他请教怎样在阴凉的地方种植作物。

MARK HOFFMAN: “The bottom line here is that most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, there are other options.”
MARK HOFFMAN：“最重要的一点是，大部分植物在充足日照条件下产量会更高。但如果不具备充足日照，也还有其他选择。”

For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffman says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially morning sun.
例如，他在橡树附近种植西红柿。橡胶树能带来很多树荫。但是HOFFMAN说，他的西红柿每天只要获得五个小时的直接光照就能够生长，尤其是上午的阳光。

Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun. It also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients and water.
这不仅和传统意见所说的西红柿每天需要6小时、8小时乃至12小时充足日照相违背。它还表明，植物和树根可以共享营养和水分。

Mr. Hoffman also planted asparagus around a tree at its drip line, the area below the outer limit of the branches.
Hoffman还在浇水线周围种植作物，也就是树冠以下的区域。

MARK HOFFMAN: “Now the asparagus is in partial shade. It has been there for six years now and is doing wonderfully. It is right at the drip line of the tree. So when it rains, all the rain drips down right on the asparagus.”
MARK HOFFMAN：“现在芦笋就种在部分荫凉下,它们种下已经6年了，一直长势很好。它们刚好种在大树的滴水线下，所以每当下雨的时候，所有雨滴都刚好落在芦笋上。”

The Hoffmans' website includes a list of vegetables, flowers and herbs that have produced acceptably for them in partial shade. Besides tomatoes and asparagus, these include broccoli, daylilies, horseradish, Irish potatoes, oregano and winter onions.
Hoffman的网站包括一系列蔬菜，鲜花和香草，在部分荫凉下也可以有较高的产量。除了西红柿和芦笋之外，还有西兰花，金针菜，山葵，爱尔兰土豆，牛至和冬季洋葱。

Mr. Hoffman says plants with wider leaves seem to do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better in partial shade than in full sun.
Hoffman表示，宽叶植物在荫凉环境下似乎生长得更好。他还发现土豆在部分荫凉环境中比在充足日照环境中生长得更好。

Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem with leaf hoppers. Mr. Hoffman does not use pesticides. Instead, he planted the potatoes at the drip line, especially on the east side of the tree.
将土豆移到荫凉处种植有助于控制叶蝉虫害。Hoffman不使用杀虫剂。相反，他将土豆种植在浇水线以内，尤其是树木的东面。

The potatoes get morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Leaf hoppers dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage.
这样土豆就能受到早晨的阳光照射，但它们在一天中最热的时段又处于大树荫凉下。叶蝉不喜欢阴凉，一天中最热的时段也是它们为害最严重的时候。

Time of day. Brightness of the sun. Shadows from trees, walls and buildings. These all influence how much sunlight falls, or does not fall, on plants. And extension agent Curtis Swift at Colorado State University says people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term "shade" can describe different amounts of darkness. He says it can even mean different things in different parts of the world.
一天中的时间，阳光的强度，树木荫凉，墙壁和建筑，这些都会影响阳光对植物的照射。科罗拉多州立大学推广专员Curtis Swift表示，对荫凉种植有兴趣的人们还需要记住其它一些事情。他说，“荫凉”还分不同程度，它甚至意味着世界上不同的地方各有不同。