VOA慢速英语:Medical Spies Keep Watch on Leaders

Not all spies target military, political or economic intelligence. Some gather medical intelligence.
并非所有的间谍都针对军事，政治或经济情报，有一些间谍则是搜集医疗情报。

Presidents, prime ministers and other leaders do not always like to talk about their health. Some disappear from public life for a while and then reappear, with or without an explanation.
总统，总理和其他领导人并不喜欢谈论他们自己的健康状况。一些领导人淡出公共视野一段时间后重新出现，有的有解释原因，有的没有解释。

Spy agencies search for information about physical and mental health. The idea that a leader might even lose his mind and launch a war or a nuclear attack is not an imaginary threat.
间谍机构搜寻关于身体健康和精神健康的信息。某位领导人可能失忆，可能发动一场战争，或者发动核战争的想法并非假想的威胁。

The Central Intelligence Agency has a Medical and Psychological Assessment Cell. It employs or consults with doctors, sociologists, political scientists and cultural anthropologists to examine the conditions of top officials.
中央情报局有一个医疗和心理健康评估系统。它雇佣或咨询医生，社会学家，政治科学家，文化学家和人类学家来评估高级官员的状况。

Jonathan Clemente is a doctor doing research for a book on medical intelligence. He says the CIA team tries to predict how a leader will act.
Jonathan Clemente是一位医生，他为关于医疗情报的一本书籍做研究。他说，中情局团队试图预测一位领导人如何行事。

JONATHAN CLEMENTE: “What they try and do on the psychological side of things in describe a constellation of psychiatric signs and symptoms, and then to describe for the policy makers how someone with that particular set of findings may react to certain situations.”
Jonathan Clemente：“他们在心理学方面努力做的就是描述一些精神病学症状，然后向政策制定者报告这类人在特定情况下会如何反应。”

Such efforts go back to the Office of Strategic Services, which came before the CIA. The OSS did a psychological profile of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler in Germany.
这种努力可以追溯到中央情报局之前的战略情报局(Office of Strategic Services，OSS)。战略情报局制作了一份德国纳粹领导人希特勒的心理档案。

The CIA was established in nineteen forty-seven. Dr. Clemente says the agency formed a small office called "Leadership at a Distance."
中情局于1947年成立。Clemente医生称，该机构成立了一个叫做“运筹帷幄”的小办公室。

JONATHAN CLEMENTE: "In the late fifties and early nineteen sixties, the CIA decided that they had expertise to look more carefully and in a more rigorous, analytical way at the health of foreign leaders in order to help give policy makers some forewarning of a transition in a government, stability of foreign governments, and also looking for potential points of diplomatic leverage.”
Jonathan Clemente：“五十年代末六十年代初，中情局认为他们有专业技能更加认真，更加严格，更加善于分析的方式来调查外国领导人的健康状况，从而给政治制定者在外国政权过渡和和外国政府的稳定性上提供预警，并寻找潜在的外交杠杆点。”

Experts say dying leaders can feel they have to act quickly to make sure their decisions live longer than they do.
专家称，即将去世的领导人会感觉到他们必须迅速采取行动，确保他们的决定延续到他们去世之后。

Physical and mental health are closely linked, experts say. But identifying a mental condition without direct examination of a person can be much more difficult than a physical disorder.
专家表示，身体健康和精神健康是密切联系的。但间接判断一个人的精神状况比判断身体疾病难得多。

Rose McDermott is a political psychologist at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. She points out that an illness like bipolar disorder can be well-controlled on medication. But a leader’s behavior can also be affected by medication taken for a physical condition.
Rose McDermott是罗德岛布朗大学政治心理学家。她指出，躁郁症疾病可以通过药物得到有效的控制。但领导人的行为也会受到因身体状况而服用的药物的影响。

Rose McDermott: "The concern is not just the illness, it's also the medication that people take while they are ill and how that can compromise their decision-making ability, cognitively and intellectually. So they don’t make the same kind of decisions, their decisions may not be as predictable. They certainly may not be as, quote unquote, rational.
Rose McDermott：“令人担忧的不仅仅是疾病本身。患病时服用的药物以及这种药物会怎样危害他们的决策能力，认知能力和智力水平都令人担忧。因此他们做出的决定可能不同，他们的决定可能不可预测。当然还可能不太么理性。”

Professor McDermott has written extensively on medical intelligence.
McDermott教授撰写了关于医疗情报的许多作品。

ROSE McDERMOTT: “It can be decisively important because it can really change the stability of governments, particularly in authoritarian or totalitarian regimes, where there’s really a limited number of people who have powerful decision-making authority."
Rose McDermott：“医疗情报是非常重要的，因为这可以改变政府的稳定性，尤其是在专制或极权主义政权，能够做出有力的决策的人数量非常少。”