VOA慢速英语:Retirement Savings Rule 1: Reduce Investment Risk as the Day Nears

Today, retirement can mean different things. For many Americans, it means the end of the money-earning part of their life and the beginning of a period of enjoyment. But retirement calls for planning and savings.
今天，退休意味着不同的事情。对许多美国人来说，这意味着生命中赚钱时期的结束，和享受时期的开始。但退休需要规划和储蓄。

In many countries, employers may offer some kind of retirement savings plan. The plan could be linked to the company’s stock or to a managed investment service. Almost any financial planner will say workers should use these plans to save money easily: often directly from their wages. But an employer plan should not be your only way to save for retirement.
在许多国家，雇主可能会提供一些退休储蓄计划。该计划可能与该公司的股票或管理的投资服务有关。几乎所有财务规划师都会说，员工应该利用这些退休方案来更容易地存钱：往往直接从他们的工资中扣除。但雇主计划不应该只是你退休储蓄的唯一手段。

Pete D’Arruda heads his own financial planning company and gives retirement advice on radio shows and television. He tells people to save whenever possible. But he says as retirement nears, you must take fewer financial risks.
Pete D’Arruda管理他自己的财务规划公司，并在电视和电台节目上提供退休意见。他告诉人们尽可能储蓄。但是他说，随着退休日期的临近，你必须减少承担金融风险。

PETER D’ARRUDA: “There’s three stages of life there when we look at it. There’s the part where you’re earning money.  And when you’re earning money, if you have a salary, it makes it easier to take risk because you know that if you lose the money you can go back and earn some more.”
PETER D’ARRUDA :“当我们仔细研究人生，它分3个阶段，有一个阶段是你赚钱的时候。而当你在赚钱时，如果你有薪水，这将使你更容易地承担风险。因为你知道，如果你把钱输光了，你还可以回去赚更多钱。”

By risks, Pete D’Arruda means investing in stocks and other financial instruments that can lose value quickly. He says people should move money away from riskier investments as they age even if there is a possibility of a higher rate of return. Instead, investors nearing retirement should seek more secure investments for their savings.
风险，Pete D’Arruda是指投资于会迅速贬值的股票和其它金融工具。他说，到了晚年，人们应该将钱撤离较高风险的投资，即使这类投资有较高回报的可能性。相反，即将退休的投资者，应该为自己的积蓄寻求更安全的投资。

PETER D’ARRUDA: “But then we get to the transition phase when we’re within five years or so of retirement. I call it the financial red zone because now is the time when you need to protect what you have, you need to start transitioning away from the risk of Wall Street and into safe places that guarantee lifetime income.”
PETER D’ARRUDA: “但是当我们离退休在五年以内时，我们就进入到过渡阶段。我把它称为金融的红色区域，因为现在是保护你所拥有的东西的时候了。你必须开始远离华尔街的风险，并且过渡到可以保证终生收入的安全地方。”

Pete D’Arruda has a simple way of deciding how much of your retirement savings should be at risk. He says, take your age and put a percentage after it. That is the percentage of your retirement savings that should be fully protected from losing value. So, for a sixty-five-year-old, the rule works like this:
Pete D’Arruda有一个简单方法来决定你有多少退休储蓄可以拿去冒险。他说，在你年龄后面加个百分号，就是你应该全力保护防止贬值的退休积蓄的比例。所以，对于一个65岁的人来说，规则是这样的：

PETER D’ARRUDA: “Sixty-five percent of the money must be in a place that can’t lose it. The reason why is when you’re in retirement it’s impossible to get the money back that you lost because you don’t have a salary coming in, so time is no longer on your side.”
PETER D’ARRUDA：“65%的钱应该放在不会失去的地方。原因是当你退休了，失去的金钱就不太可能赚回来了，因为你没有工资收入了，时不我待。”

The investment services company Charles Schwab prepares studies about Americans’ retirement planning. The company’s Retirement Pulse Survey looks at how people of all ages prepare for the big event.
投资服务公司嘉信理财准备研究美国人的退休计划。该公司退休意向调查着眼于各年龄阶段的人们如何准备退休这件大事。

One recent survey found that forty-four percent of baby boomers feel secure in their readiness for retirement. Baby boomers are the generation of Americans born in the years immediately after World War Two. The first baby boomers are now reaching sixty-five, currently the full retirement age in the United States.
最近的一项调查发现，44%的婴儿潮一代的人们认为他们的退休准备非常安全。婴儿潮一代是指二战以后紧接着的几年里出生的一代美国人。首批婴儿潮的人们已经到达65岁，是目前美国的退休年龄。