VOA慢速英语:Spray Shows Promise in Malaria Study in Benin

Malaria is caused by a parasite spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The World Health Organization, in its latest estimate, says the disease caused seven hundred eighty-one thousand deaths in two thousand nine. Most of those deaths were in children in Africa. Worldwide there were two hundred twenty-five million cases of malaria.
疟疾由寄生虫引起，通过蚊虫叮咬传播的。世卫组织在其最新的估计中称，该疾病在2009年导致78.1万人死亡，这些死亡病例大部分是非洲儿童。全球约有2.25亿例疟疾病例。

Both of these numbers represent improvements. In two thousand there were an estimated two hundred thirty-three million cases of malaria and almost a million deaths.
这些数字代表情况有所改善。2000年预计有2.33亿疟疾病例，有近100万人死亡。

Malaria remains a major problem in Africa, but there have been some successes. Deaths in Rwanda, for example, have been reduced by sixty percent.
疟疾仍然是非洲的一个主要问题，但现在已经取得一些成功。例如，卢旺达的死亡人数已经减少了60%。

There are still no vaccines to prevent malaria. The main way for communities to control the disease is by controlling mosquitoes.
目前还没有预防疟疾的疫苗。社区里控制这一疾病的主要途径是通过控制蚊子。

In a recent study, researchers in West Africa have shown that spraying insecticide indoors can greatly reduce malaria transmission.
在最近的一项研究中，西非研究人员已经证实在室内喷洒杀虫剂可以极大地减少疟疾的传播。

The fight against malaria has two main targets: the parasite itself and the mosquito that carries the parasite. Insecticides target the mosquito. But over time the insects develop resistance to the chemicals. This has been happening with current mosquito killers, including chemicals known as pyrethroids.
抗击疟疾有两个主要目标：寄生虫本身，以及携带疟原虫的蚊虫。杀虫剂的目标是蚊虫。但随着时间的推移，蚊虫会对化学品产生耐药性。这种情况已经发生在当前的杀虫剂上，包括像菊酯类杀虫剂的化学品。

Gil Germain Padonou and other researchers at the Center de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou in Benin tested another insecticide. This one is called bendiocarb. They tested it with indoor spraying at sites throughout Benin.
贝宁科托努昆虫学研究中心的Gil Germain Padonou等研究者测试了另一种杀虫剂，名为恶虫威。他们在贝宁的测试点室内喷洒这种药品。

There were fewer mosquito bites in homes sprayed with bendiocarb. More importantly, none of the three hundred fifty-thousand people who lived there got malaria-infected mosquito bites during the test.
喷洒恶虫威的室内，蚊虫叮咬就少了。更重要的是，在这些测试中，居住在此地的35万人无一人被携带疟疾的蚊虫叮咬。

Peter Hotez heads the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, which published the research.
Peter Hotez是美国热带医学和卫生学会的负责人，他发表了这项研究。

PETER HOTEZ: "And this is what this bendiocarb is all about, showing that it’s efficacious -- at least in this setting in Benin, in a real, live field setting. So it provides a potentially good alternative where there's been high development of resistance to pyrethroids."
Peter Hotez：“这就说明恶虫威是有效的，至少在贝宁这个实际生活区是这样。所以，对那些已对菊酯类杀虫剂产生高抗药性的地区来说，就有了另一种选择。”

Dr. Hotez says the effectiveness in the test does not mean all malaria programs should use bendiocarb, or that indoor spraying should be the only method used.
Hotez医生说，测试的有效性并不意味着恶虫威适用于所有疟疾案例，室内喷洒也不是唯一办法。

PETER HOTEZ: "When we think about a large-scale goal to take on malaria, it’s not an either/or situation. We’re going to have to throw multiple things out there in order to see what the optimal combination is to achieve control."
Peter Hotez：“当我们考虑到要大规模控制疟疾时，就不是非此即彼了。我们将使用多种办法，看哪些是达到控制目标的最优组合。”

Bendiocarb is widely used against a number of different insects. The insecticide is considered relatively safe when used as directed. It has not been shown to cause cancer, and it passes quickly out of the bodies of humans and other mammals.
恶虫威被广泛用于杀灭多种昆虫，在有指导的情况下，这种杀虫剂是相对安全的。没有发现它能致癌，能很快从人类和其他动物体内排出。

The study from Benin appears in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
贝宁的这项研究发表在《美国热带医学和卫生杂志》上。