VOA慢速英语:Refugee Camps are a Breeding Ground for Disease

United Nations aid agencies say hundreds of thousands of refugees are living in unacceptable conditions at camps. These people fled their homes because of violence in the Middle East and Africa. The U.N. agencies are blaming serious food and water problems at many refugee camps for the spread of life-threatening diseases.
联合国救援机构称，数十万难民由于中东和非洲的暴力活动逃离了家园，现在生活在难民营极其恶劣的环境条件下。该联合国机构称，许多难民营食物和水的严重问题导致了危及性命疾病的传播。

Officials say cholera, malaria and jaundice -- combined with malnutrition -- are threatening refugees who had hoped to be safe after they entered the camps.
有关官员称，霍乱、疟疾、黄疸—再加上营养不良正危及原本希望逃到难民营寻找安全的难民的生命。

There are thousands of people at one camp in South Sudan. They fled there to escape the military conflict in the area. Camp officials have reported cases of hepatitis E: a viral disease spread through contaminated food and water.
目前有几千人生活在南苏丹的一个难民营。他们逃到那里以躲避该地区的军事冲突。难民营官员表示戊型肝炎大幅增长，这是一种通过受污染的食物和水传播的病毒性疾病。

U.N. refugee agency spokesman Adrian Edwards says most of those infected are young people.
联合国难民署发言人Adrian Edwards称，大部分感染者都是年轻人。

ADRIAN EDWARDS: "Hepatitis E hits young people between the ages of fifteen and forty hardest. In the three camps where we see refugees with acute jaundice syndrome, more than half are between twenty and thirty-nine."
ADRIAN EDWARDS：“遭受戊型肝炎袭击最为严重的是15到40岁的年轻人。我们发现在三个难民营中患有急性黄疸综合症的难民有一半以上是20到39岁之间。”

Camps in countries like South Sudan, Sierra Leone, Libya, and Nigeria have reported severe cases of cholera. Officials say keeping cholera and jaundice from spreading is very difficult. They believe the best way to deal with these infections is to prevent them.
位于南苏丹、塞拉利昂、利比亚和尼日利亚等国家的许多难民营都报告了严重的霍乱疫情。官员们称，防止霍乱和黄疸蔓延是非常困难的，他们认为对付这些疾病最好的办法是预防。

Dr. Peter Hotez is an infectious disease expert. He says cholera often threatens people living in extreme conditions.
Peter Hotez博士是一名传染病专家。他说，霍乱在极端条件下会很快把人推向死亡。

PETER HOTEZ: "The vibrio cholerae bacillus produces a toxin, and this toxin has the ability to poison cells in such a way that you can no longer absorb water so you can become just a shriveled, desiccated individual just a few hours after infection."
PETER HOTEZ：“霍乱弧菌芽孢杆菌会产生毒素。这种毒素能够毒害细胞使你不能再吸收水分，这样你就会在感染后短短几个小时候脱水。”

Pillar Bauza is with the UN refugee agency. She works with children in refugee camps across Africa.
Pillar Bauza就职于联合国难民署。她负责整个非洲难民营的儿童。

PILLAR BAUZA: "We have high rates of mortality, above the emergency threshold plus high rates of malnutrition."
PILLAR BAUZA：“我们的死亡率很高，已经高出了紧急阙值，加上营养不良率高。”

Refugee camps along the border between Syria and Turkey have reported cases of cholera and malaria. Experts warn that other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases could become deadly epidemics in crowded camps. Dirty conditions are common in the camps, while safe food and drinking water are hard to find.
沿叙利亚和土耳其边境的难民营已经报告了霍乱和疟疾病例。专家警告称，其它细菌、病毒和寄生虫疾病也可能成为拥挤难民营的致命流行病。难民营环境通常非常肮脏，安全的食品和饮用水都很难找到。