VOA慢速英语:How Did You Get so Intelligent?

短语讲解：

1. As he noted, whether or not what people were told was true, “giving people messages that encourage learning and motivation may promote more efficient performance.”
 
whether or not 无论; 是否
例句：Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather. 
我们是否准时抵达要视气候情况而定。  
 
2. The researchers say they found that small messages about our abilities can have a big effect on our beliefs about what we are able to do.

be able to 能，会; 能够
例句：How soon will china be able to clean up its air?
中国能在多短时间内将空气变清洁？

3. The people who read that intelligence comes from genes worked to answer the questions correctly.

come from 来自某处; 出生于
例句：Where will all this innovation come from?
这些创新来自哪里？

4. They say even a small amount of time spent on changing the mindset, or beliefs, of individuals can affect how their brain operates.

spend on 把…花在…
例句：How much do you spend on advertising each year? 
你们每年广告费要花多少？