VOA慢速英语:How Much Medical Information Must Presidential Candidates Release?(翻译)

Recent stories about American presidential candidates have raised questions about how much candidates should say about their medical history while running for office.
近期关于美国总统候选人的轶事引发了这样一些问题--候选人们在竞选公职时应透露多少他们的病史问题？

In the United States, no law requires presidential candidates or presidents to release medical records or information about their health to the public. But one recent study of likely voters found that 86 percent of those questioned said a candidate’s health is important to their vote.
在美国，没有法律规定总统候选人或总统向公众发布医疗记录或有关他们的健康状况的信息。但最近一项选民的研究发现，有86%的受访者表示，候选人的健康对他们的投票很重要。

Most presidential candidates are over age 50. This issue affects somewhat younger candidates, too.
大多数总统候选人都超过50岁。这个问题也能影响一些年轻的候选人。

John F. Kennedy was the youngest person to be elected U.S. president.He was 43 years old when he won the election of 1960. Kennedy had Addison’s disease and back pain that were treated with drugs before he was elected. This information was not released to the public.
约翰·肯尼迪是当选美国总统中最年轻的人。在他43岁时，赢得了1960年的选举。肯尼迪患有爱迪生病（肾上腺皮质功能衰竭症）和背部疼痛，在他当选前进行了药物治疗。这一信息未向公众公布。

In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president with a clear disability: He had polio. Few photographs survived of Roosevelt sitting in his wheelchair.Late in his presidency, he also suffered from heart disease.The public never heard about his heart problems until Roosevelt died, just months into his fourth term in office.
1932年，富兰克林·罗斯福当选成为，他患有明显的残疾--小儿麻痹症。富兰克林坐在轮椅上的照片没有流传下来几张。他任总统期的后期还患有心脏病。罗斯福在第四个任期开始短短几个月后就去世了，但在此之前，公众从来没有听说过他的心脏问题。

The U.S. Constitution is clear that once a president has died, the vice president takes office. But questions have arisen throughout American history about what happens when a president is unable to carry out his or her duties, like when under anesthesia. Or the president could be in a coma and unable to communicate.
《美国宪法》明确规定，一旦总统去世，副总统就职。纵观美国历史引发问题的是，当总统不能履行其职责，比如在麻醉状态下的时候，将会发生什么。或总统可能处于昏迷状态，无法沟通。

Following Kennedy’s death, Congress passed the 25th Amendment to the constitution. That amendment states, in part, that when a president is incapacitated, the vice president and members of the president’s cabinet can act. They can make a formal declaration to the leaders of the Senate and House that the president is unable to carry out his duties.
继肯尼迪去世后，国会通过了宪法第二十五条修正案。该修正案表示，当总统不能履行职务时，副总统和总统的内阁成员可以代理。他们可以向参议院和众议院的领袖们做出正式声明，总统不能履行其职责。

The vice president then immediately can act for the president.But the amendment has never been used, even when former President Ronald Reagan was shot in 1981.
副总统随后可以立即代理总统职能。但是这一修正案从未被使用过，即使是在1981年前总统里根遭遇枪击时。

President Barack Obama has released reports of his physical examinations periodically throughout his presidency and once during his campaign.He was not legally required to do so. This move has become a tradition for presidents in the years since the passing of the 25th Amendment.
奥巴马总统定期公布自己的身体检查报告，在整个总统任期中他都这样做，在参与竞选时他也曾经这样做过一次。法律上并不要求他这样做。但自从宪法第二十五修正案通过后，这已经成为这些年里总统们的传统。

In 2008, Obama defeated U.S. Senator John McCain for the presidency.During the election campaign, McCain released more than 1,000 pages of his medical records to the public.McCain was 72 years old at the time.
2008年，奥巴马击败美国参议员约翰·麦凯恩，担任总统。在竞选中，麦凯恩向公众发布了超过1000页的医疗记录。麦凯恩当时72岁。

I’m Bryan Lynn.
Bryan Lynn为您报道。