VOA慢速英语:伊斯兰国准备在没有领袖的情况下生存

whimper – v. to make a quiet crying sound

tunnel – n. an underground passageway

successor – n. one that follows; replacement

origin – n. root; a rise of beginning

senior – adj. involving a higher level or standing

caliphate – n. the kingdom of a Muslim ruler

reconstruction – n. the act of rebuilding something

groom – v. to educate someone to do a specific thing

jihadist – n. someone who is fighting a religious war

internal – adj. within an organization