VOA慢速英语:美国首位非裔国防部长

bureaucracy – n. a large group of people who are involved in running a government, but who are not elected

rank – n. one's position in an organization, such as the military

white supremacist – n. one who believes white people are superior to others of different races

disciplinary – adj. intended to correct or punish bad behavior

symbol – n. a sign or object used to represent something

waiver – n. a paper that allows a person not to use or require something