与气候变化相关的健康问题越来越严重

Health problems related to climate change are getting worse, says two recently published reports by the medical publication Lancet.
《柳叶刀》医学期刊最近发表的两份报告称，与气候变化相关的健康问题正变得越来越严重。

The reports followed 44 health measures connected to climate change around the world. They include heat deaths, infectious disease and hunger.
这些报告追踪了与全球气候变化相关的44项卫生指标。其中包括高温死亡、传染病和饥饿。

All of them are getting worse, said Marina Romanello. She is a research director of the Lancet Countdown project.
玛丽娜·罗曼内洛表示，所有这些指标都在恶化。她是《柳叶刀倒计时》项目的研究主管。

With "the world on track to 2.4°C of warming, the cost of inaction on climate and health will vastly outweigh the costs of acting now," the report says.
报告称，随着全球升温2.4摄氏度，对气候和健康无所作为的代价将远远超过现在采取行动的代价。

This year's reports are called "code red for a healthy future." One report is centered on the United States and one is centered on the entire world.
今年的报告被称为《健康未来的红色警告》。其中一份报告以美国为中心，另一份报告以全球为中心。

The reports found some dangerous trends:
报告发现了一些危险的趋势：

At-risk populations like older people and the very young spent more time in extreme heat. For people over 65, the researchers found they were exposed to extreme heat at a higher rate than the average from 1986 to 2005.
老年人和年幼者等高危人群历经极端高温的时间更长。研究人员发现，对于65岁以上人群，他们暴露在极端高温的比率高于1986年到2005年的平均水平。

More people also lived in warm places where it is easier for some diseases, like cholera or dengue, to spread. Coastlines are warm enough for the dangerous Vibrio bacteria to grow in the Baltic areas of Europe and the Northeast and Pacific Northwest of the U.S. In some poorer nations, the season for malaria-spreading mosquitoes has gotten longer since the 1950s.
还有更多人住在温暖的地方，霍乱或登革热一类疾病在那里更容易传播。海岸线温暖到足以让危险的弧菌在欧洲波罗的海以及美国东北部和西北太平洋地区滋生。在一些贫困国家，传播疟疾的蚊虫季节也比上世纪50年代以来时间更长。

The research also found that 72 percent of countries saw an increase in exposure to wildfires. And in 2020, up to 19 percent of the world's land surface was affected by extreme drought.
研究还发现，72%的国家面临野火风险增加。在2020年，全球高达19%的陆地表面受到极端干旱的影响。

In the U.S., heat, fire and drought caused the biggest problems. The Pacific Northwest and Canada saw extreme heatwaves this summer. An earlier study found that the heat waves would not have happened if not for human-caused climate change.
在美国，高温、野火和干旱造成了巨大问题。今年夏天，太平洋西北部和加拿大出现了极端热浪。较早的一项研究发现，如果不是人为造成的气候变化，热浪就不会发生。

Dr. Jeremy Hess, a professor at the University of Washington co-wrote the Lancet report. He said he saw the impacts of climate change while working at Seattle hospitals during the heatwave.
杰里米·赫斯博士是华盛顿大学教授，他共同撰写了这份《柳叶刀》的报告。他说，热浪期间他在西雅图医院工作时看到了气候变化的影响。

"I saw paramedics who had burns on their knees from kneeling down to care for patients with heatstroke," he said. "And I saw far too many patients die" from the heat.
他说：“我看到跪地照顾中暑患者的医护人员膝盖烫伤。我看到太多病人死于高温。”

The report said 65 of the 84 countries included help pay for the burning of fossil fuels, which cause climate change. Dr. Richard Jackson is a UCLA public health professor who was not part of the study. He said doing that "feels like caring for the desperately ill patient while somebody is handing them lit cigarettes and junk food."
该报告表示，在84个国家中，有65个国家针对会导致气候变化的燃烧化石燃料给予支付补贴。理查德·杰克逊博士是加州大学洛杉矶分校的公共卫生教授，他没有参与这项研究。他表示，这样做感觉就像是一边照顾病入膏肓的患者，一边给他们递香烟和垃圾食品。

"Code Red is not even a hot enough color for this report," said Dr. Michele Barry, a Stanford University professor who was not part of the study project.
斯坦福大学教授米歇尔·巴里博士没有参与这项研究，他表示：“对于这份报告来说，红色警告甚至不够警醒。”

She added, "we're going completely in the wrong direction."
她还表示：“我们完全走错了方向。”

I'm Dan Novak.
我是丹·诺瓦克。