马克龙绕过议会下令提高法国退休年龄

French President Emmanuel Macron ordered a highly unpopular bill Thursday to raise the retirement age from 62 to 64. Macron acted without the support of Parliament.
法国总统马克龙周四下令通过了一项极不受欢迎的法案，将退休年龄从62岁提高到64岁。马克龙的行动没有得到议会的支持。

The country's lawmaking body is expected to react with proposals to withdraw parliamentary support of Macron's government. Police vehicles circled the National Assembly building in preparation for possible unrest.
预计该国立法机构将提出撤回对马克龙政府的支持作出回应。警车在国民议会大楼周围绕圈，以准备应对可能发生的骚乱。

The proposed retirement age and pension changes have led to major strikes and protests across the country since January. Macron argues that reform is needed to keep the pension system from falling into deficit.
自1月份以来，拟议的退休年龄和养老金改革已在法国各地引发大规模罢工和抗议。马克龙认为必须进行改革，以防止养老金体系陷入赤字。

The decision to use special constitutional powers to order the measure was made during a Cabinet meeting. It took place just a few minutes before Parliament was to vote on the proposal. Macron had no guarantee of a majority in France's lower house of parliament.
法国政府在一次内阁会议上决定使用宪法赋予的特殊权力来下令采取这项措施。它就发生在议会即将对该提案进行投票的几分钟前。马克龙无法保证在法国议会下院获得多数席位。

Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne tried to officially announce the decision at the National Assembly. Some members interfered by singing the French national song. The speaker had to briefly suspend the meeting to return order to the process.
法国总理博尔内试图在国民议会上正式宣布这一决定。一些议员通过唱法国国歌来进行干扰。发言人不得不短暂暂停会议，以恢复会议进程的秩序。

Borne said the presidential order was a necessary measure. "We cannot take the risk to see 175 hours of parliamentary debate collapse ... We cannot gamble on the future of our pensions," she said.
博尔内表示，该总统令是一项必要措施。她说：“我们不能冒看到175个小时的议会辩论失败的风险，我们不能把赌注押在养老金的未来上。”

Borne said her government is accountable to the parliament. Opposition members answered her with booing.
博尔内表示，她领导的政府对议会负责。反对派议员对她报以嘘声。

Lawmakers on the liberal and conservative sides quickly confirmed their next moves.
自由派和保守派议员很快确认了他们的下一步行动。

Marine Le Pen said her National Rally party would present a proposal to withdraw support. Communist Party lawmaker Fabien Roussel said a similar proposal is "ready" from his group.
勒庞表示，她领导的国家集会党将提出撤回支持的提案。共和党议员罗塞尔表示，他的团队已经“准备好”提出类似的提案。

"The mobilization will continue," Roussel said. "This reform must be suspended."
罗塞尔表示：“动员将会继续，这项改革必须暂停。”

A withdrawal of support requires at least half the members of Parliament's lower house to vote in favor of the proposal. That means 287 votes. The last time the French government was forced to resign was in 1962.
撤回支持的提案需要议会下院至少一半以上议员投票支持。这意味着需要287票。法国政府上一次被迫辞职是在1962年。

If proposals to withdraw support fail, the pension bill would be considered enacted.
如果撤回支持的提案未能通过，养老金法案将被考虑通过。

Earlier Thursday, the French Senate adopted the retirement age raise bill in a 193-114 vote.
周四早些时候，法国参议院以193对114票通过了提高退休年龄的法案。

Macron wants to raise the retirement age so workers put more money into the system.
马克龙希望提高退休年龄，让工人向养老金体系注入更多资金。

He has pushed the pension changes as a central method for making the French economy more competitive. The reform would raise the lowest age for pension. It also would require 43 years of work to earn a full pension, along with other changes.
他推动养老金改革，将其作为提高法国经济竞争力的核心方法。这项改革将提高领取养老金的最低年龄。它还要求工作43年才能获得全额养老金，以及其它改革。

Almost 500,000 people protested against the bill around the country Wednesday.
周三，法国各地近50万人抗议该法案。

Economic difficulties have led to widespread unrest across Western Europe. In Britain on Wednesday, teachers, doctors in training and public transport workers were striking for higher wages. And Spain's government joined with labor unions to announce a "historic" deal to save its pension system by raising social security costs for higher wage earners.
经济困难导致整个西欧大范围动荡。周三在英国，教师、规培医生和公共交通员工举行罢工要求提高工资。西班牙政府与工会联合宣布一项“历史性”协议，通过提高高收入者的社会保障成本来拯救其养老金体系。

All three European nations are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In 2020, the OECD says, the average normal retirement age among member nations was 64.2 years for men and 63.4 years for women.
这三个欧洲国家都是经合组织成员。经合组织表示，2020年，其成员国当中，男性平均正常退休年龄为64.2岁，女性为63.4岁。