俄罗斯西部和哈萨克斯坦面临严重洪灾

Cities and towns in western Russia and Kazakhstan are facing heavy flooding.
俄罗斯西部和哈萨克斯坦的城镇正面临严重洪灾。

Europe's third-longest river, the Ural, burst a dam causing floods that have forced over 110,000 people to flee and left parts of the Russian city of Orenburg under water.
欧洲第三长河乌拉尔河决堤，引发洪水，迫使11万多人逃离，俄罗斯奥伦堡市部分地区被水淹没。

Russian officials helped displaced homeowners as water levels rose on the Ural River, officials said Wednesday. Russia's government has declared the situation a federal emergency.
俄罗斯官员周三表示，随着乌拉尔河水位上升，俄罗斯官员帮助了流离失所的房主。俄罗斯政府已宣布这一情况为联邦紧急状态。

The river's water level in the city of Orenburg was above 10 meters Wednesday, state news media reported. Photos shared by Russian news services showed roads covered in water, flooded fields and houses partly under water.
据官方新闻媒体报道，奥伦堡市周三河水水位超过10米。俄罗斯新闻机构发布的照片显示，道路被水淹没，田地被淹，房屋部分被水淹没。

People in Orsk gathered in a rare protest on Monday. They were calling for compensation after their homes were damaged. Protests are unusual in Russia, where officials have suppressed dissent following the invasion of Ukraine.
周一，奥尔斯克的人们举行了罕见的抗议活动。他们在房屋受损后要求赔偿。抗议活动在俄罗斯并不常见，在入侵乌克兰后，俄罗斯官员压制了异见人士。

Here are some details about what is happening and why:
以下是有关现状及其原因的一些详细信息：

Which areas are affected?
哪些区域受到影响？

The worst hit areas in Russia are south of the Ural Mountains, about 1,200 kilometers east of Moscow. Officials declared emergencies in the Orenburg and Kurgan regions of the Urals and in the Tyumen region of Siberia.
俄罗斯受灾最严重的地区是乌拉尔山脉以南，距离莫斯科以东约1200公里。官员们宣布乌拉尔的奥伦堡和库尔干地区以及西伯利亚的秋明地区进入紧急状态。

In Kazakhstan, cities in the west and north were hit hard. There were also reports of flooding in the east. Most of the areas border Russia and are crossed by major rivers.
在哈萨克斯坦，西部和北部城市遭受重创。东部也有洪水的报道。这些地区大部分与俄罗斯接壤，主要河流从中穿过。

What are the human and economic impacts?
对人类和经济的影响是什么？

So far, more than 96,000 people have evacuated in Kazakhstan, and at least 12,000 people evacuated in Russia. Reports say about 10,500 homes have been flooded in Russia and more than 3,000 homes in Kazakhstan.
到目前为止，哈萨克斯坦已有96000多人撤离，俄罗斯至少有12000人撤离。报道称，俄罗斯约有10500户家庭、哈萨克斯坦有3000多户家庭被淹没。

Russia's Orsk oil refinery had been closed to avoid environmental damage.
为了避免环境破坏，俄罗斯的奥尔斯克炼油厂已经关闭。

Heavy property damage has also been reported. Some of the flooded areas are important to wheat production. Russia is the world's biggest wheat exporter.
媒体也报道了严重的财产损失。一些洪水淹没区是小麦重要产地。俄罗斯是世界上最大的小麦出口国。

Over 8,000 farm animals have been killed by floods in Kazakhstan. The agriculture ministry has deployed a special group to remove dead animals to prevent the spread of disease.
哈萨克斯坦有8000多头家畜死于洪水。该国农业部已经部署了一个特别小组来动物死尸，以防止疾病的传播。

What is the cause of the flood?
洪水的原因是什么？

Spring flooding is common across Russia. The winter snows melt causing the water levels of the rivers of Russia and Central Asia to rise. This year, a combination of influences led to unusually severe flooding.
春季洪水在俄罗斯很常见。冬雪融化导致俄罗斯和中亚的河流水位上升。今年，多种影响导致了异常严重的洪水。

Russian emergency officials said the soil was waterlogged before winter and then was frozen under heavy snow. The snow melted quickly as spring temperatures rose. There also was a lot of rain in the spring.
俄罗斯应急官员表示，土壤在入冬前被水淹没，然后在大雪下结冰。春天气温升高，雪迅速融化。今年春天也下了很多雨。

Vladimir Yakushev is the Presidential Plenipotentiary in the Urals Region. Russian media said he suggested that Kazakhstan was to blame for not coordinating the release of water more effectively.
弗拉基米尔·雅库舍夫是俄罗斯总统驻乌拉尔地区全权代表。俄罗斯媒体称，他暗示哈萨克斯坦应为未能更有效地协调泄洪而受到谴责。

Following the protests in Orsk, Russian state news agency Tass reported that the governor of the Orenburg Region promised compensation payments to those affected. They include $108 a month for six months to people forced out of their homes by the floods.
奥尔斯克抗议活动发生后，俄罗斯国家通讯社塔斯社报道称，奥伦堡州州长承诺向受影响的人支付赔偿金。其中包括向因为洪水被迫离开家园的人们支付每月108美元，为期六个月。

Officials launched a criminal investigation into suspected construction violations that may have caused the Ural dam to break.
官员们对可能导致乌拉尔大坝决堤的涉嫌建筑违规行为展开了刑事调查。

Local authorities said the dam could withstand water levels up to 5.5 meters. On Sunday, Russia's water level information site AllRivers said the level in Orsk reached 9.7 meters.
当地政府表示，大坝可以承受高达5.5米的水位。周日，俄罗斯水位信息网站AllRivers表示，奥尔斯克的水位达到9.7米。