非公民能在美国选举中投票吗？

United States law bans noncitizens from voting in federal elections, such as elections for president, the Senate, and the House of Representatives.
美国法律禁止非公民在联邦选举中投票，如总统、参议院和众议院的选举。

Like many states, Pennsylvania also bans noncitizens from voting in elections for state offices.
与许多州一样，宾夕法尼亚州还禁止非公民在州政府选举中投票。

A 1996 federal law permits fines and imprisonment for up to a year for noncitizens who vote in federal elections. Violators can also be deported. When people in the U.S. register to vote, they swear officially that they are U.S. citizens.
1996年的一项联邦法律允许对在联邦选举中投票的非公民处以罚款和长达一年的监禁。违反者也可能被驱逐出境。当美国人登记投票时，他们要正式宣誓自己是美国公民。

In Pennsylvania, as in other states, people must meet requirements, including citizenship, to register to vote. The state constitution says a voter must "have been a citizen of the United States at least one month." They also have to prove that they live in the state and voting district.
宾夕法尼亚州与其他州一样，人们必须满足包括公民身份在内的要求才能登记投票。州宪法规定，选民必须“已成为美国公民至少一个月”。他们还必须证明自己住在该州和选区内。

Ellen Lyon is a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania Department of State. Lyon said, if a noncitizen did try to vote in a Pennsylvania election, they would face punishment, including imprisonment and deportation.
艾伦·莱昂是宾夕法尼亚州州务院的发言人。莱昂说，如果非公民确实试图在宾夕法尼亚州的选举中投票，他们将面临包括监禁和驱逐出境在内的惩罚。

The department is "not aware of any instances of noncitizens registering to vote or voting in any recent elections," Lyon said in an email to The Associated Press (AP).
莱昂在给美联社的一封电子邮件中表示，该部门“没听说有任何非公民登记投票或在最近的任何选举中投票的情况”。

Ron Hayduk is a political science professor at San Francisco State University in California who studies voting laws for noncitizens. He said that studies show noncitizens are not illegally voting in big numbers.
罗恩·海德克是加州旧金山州立大学研究非公民投票法的政治学教授。他说，研究表明，非公民并没有大量非法投票。

There have been some reports of noncitizens illegally casting ballots, Hayduk said, but such incidents are very rare.
海德克说，美国有过一些关于非公民非法投票的报道，但此类事件非常罕见。

The Brennan Center for Justice is a research group at New York University. In 2017, the group studied 42 voting areas across the United States in the 2016 election. It reported that of 23.5 million votes cast, election officials found about 30 cases of possible noncitizen voting that they referred, or reported, to law enforcement.
布伦南司法中心是纽约大学的一个研究小组。2017年，该小组研究了2016年大选中美国各地的42个投票区。据报道，在2350万张选票中，选举官员发现了大约30起可能是非公民投票的案件，他们将这些案件提交或报告给了执法部门。

The state of Georgia examined its voter lists in 2022 and found fewer than 2,000 times when noncitizens tried to register to vote over the last 25 years. None of those people were registered because they did not qualify. Millions of new Georgia voters registered during that time.
佐治亚州在2022年审查了其选民名单，发现在过去25年里，非公民试图登记投票的次数不到2000次。这些人都没有登记成功，因为他们没有资格。在此期间有数百万格鲁吉亚新选民登记。

In 2017, Pennsylvania said that it had to fix a mistake that permitted noncitizen immigrants to register to vote when getting a driver's license. State election officials said noncitizen immigrants might have cast 544 ballots illegally — out of more than 93 million ballots in elections dating back 18 years, going back to 2000.
宾夕法尼亚州在2017年表示，它必须纠正一个错误，即允许非公民移民在获得驾照时登记投票。州选举官员表示，自2000年以来，在为期18年的选举中投出的9300多万张选票中，非公民移民可能非法投出了544张选票。

Daniel Mallinson is an associate professor of public policy and administration at Penn State University in central Pennsylvania. He said claims that noncitizens are voting in large numbers have been "clearly debunked over and over and over again."
丹尼尔·马林森是宾夕法尼亚州中部的宾夕法尼亚州立大学公共政策及管理专业的副教授。他说，非公民大量投票的说法“一次又一次地被明显揭穿”。

The AP says no state constitutions clearly permit noncitizens to vote. But some cities and towns in the states of California, Maryland and Vermont, as well as the District of Columbia, do permit voting by noncitizens in some local elections such as for school board and city council.
美联社表示，没有州宪法明确允许非公民投票。但加利福尼亚州、马里兰州、佛蒙特州以及哥伦比亚特区的一些城镇确实允许非公民在一些诸如学校董事会和市议会选举的地方选举中投票。