新概念英语第一册课文和笔记:第40课

[课文]

I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago, but I forgot to take them with me.

Who served you, sir?

The lady who is standing behind the counter.

Which books did you buy?

The books which are on the counter.

Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline?

He says he's the man who bought these books.

I can't remember.

The man who I served was wearing a hat.

Have you got a hat, sir?

Yes, I have.

Would you put it on, please?

All right.

Is this the man that you served, Caroline?

Yes. I recognize him now.

定语从句：

beautiful flower

a book on the desk

I saw the boy yesterday.

This is the boy.

This is the boy I saw yesterday.

I have a sister.

She lives in Paris.

I have a sister who lives in Paris.

关系代词的功能：

1 连接主句和从句 2 在从句中做句子成分。

定语从句就是由一个句子修饰限定另一个句子的中心词。被修饰限定的成分叫先行词。连接主句和从句的词叫关系代词。

关系代词的作用有两点：

1 连接主句和从句

2 在从句中从句子成分，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。

关系代词

who, whom, whose, which, that

who

先行词是人 + who + 动词

The man is Mr.White.

The man has white hair.

The man who has white hair is Mr.White.

whose

先行词是人，whose + 名词

I have a friend.

His father is a teacher.

I have a friend whose father is a teacher.

whom

先行词是人，whom + 及物动词/不及物动词 + 介词

当介词提前的时候，关系代词不能省略。

The man is my uncle.

We met the man.

The man we met is my uncle.

The man whom we met is my uncle.

The man who met us is my uncle.

The man is my uncle.

I spoke to the man.

The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.

The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.

当介词提前的时候，先行词是物时，只能用which

I have a sister.

She lives in Paris.

I have a sister who lives in Paris.

The man who has white hair is Mr.White.

I have a friend whose father is a teacher.

whom

I see you everyday.

I look at the blackboard everyday.

The man who we met is my uncle.

speak to sb.

I spoke to the man.

The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.

The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.

which 是指人以外的生命或没有生命的东西。

先行词（物） + which + 动词

He likes the house.

The house has a lot of windows.

He likes the house which has a lot of/many windows.

The books are on the desk.

The books are mine.

The books are on the counter.

The books which are on the counter are mine.

The dog is his.

The dog is carrying a basket.

The dog which is carrying a basket is his.

The dog carrying a basket is his.

Those men are making all that noise.

Those men are repairing the road.

Those men who are repairing the road are making all that noise.

Those men repairing the road are making all that noise.