新概念英语第三册课文和笔记-第11课

Lesson 11
Not guilty
无罪
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★guilty
adj. 犯罪的，违法的
He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn't have done.
He said that with a guilty smile.
guilt(n.)
guiltily(a.)
反义词：innocent,innocence(n.)

★tolerant
adj. 宽容的
tolerantly(adv.)
tolerance(n.)
tolerate(vt.)
tolerable(adj)

★declare
v. 申报

★hardened
adj. 有经验的
(侧重于老练的）
a hardened player
a hardened thief
experienced(侧重于有经验的)
an experienced teacher

★professional
adj. 职业的，专业的
a professional player

★smuggler
n. 走私者

★officious
adj. 爱管闲事的
A lot of old ladies are officious.
officously(adv.)
officiousness(n.)
officious civil servant
an officious police officer
official: 官方的，官员的，正式的
An official inquiry will be made into this matter

★confidently
adv. 自信地
He went to do the work
confidently= with confidence 充满信心的
confident(adj.)
confidence(n.)
have confidence: 有信心
gain confidence: 获得信心
in confidence: 悄悄的，秘密的＝secertly
take sb.into one's confidence; 以某人为心腹

★dreadful
adj. 可怕的，一团糟的
＝frightful（表示胆怯的，恐惧的）
dreadful(侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的）

★pounce
v. 猛抓，扑住

★perfume
n. 香水（人造的）
fragrance: （抽象名词）芬芳，芳香

★sarcastically
adv. 讽刺地

★exempt
adj. 被免除的

★duty
n. 税
Customs Duty: 关税
Stamp Duty: 印花税
duty free: 免税的
同义词：tax
income tax: 所得税

★gel
n. 凝胶

★mixture
n. 混合物
mix(n.)
mix sth. with

★unscrew
v. 拧开

★nostril
n. 鼻孔

★chalk
n. 粉笔

★baggage
n. 行李
同义词：luggage

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the Customs Officer looking for?

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.
'No', I answered confidently.
'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?'
'Not at all,' I answered.
The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'
'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.'
As I expected, he did not believe me.
'Try it!' I said encouragingly.
The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.

参考译文

现在的海关官员往往相当宽容。但是，当你通过绿色通道，没有任何东西需要申报时，他们仍可以拦住你。甚至是最诚实的人也常弄得觉得有罪似的，而老练的职业走私犯却使手提箱里藏着500只金表，却也处之泰然。最近一次，我也出国归来，碰上一位特别好管闲事的年轻海关官员，他显然把我当成走私犯。
“您有什么需要申报的吗？”他直盯着我的眼睛问。
“没有。”我自信地回答说。
“请打开这只手提箱好吗？”
“好的。”我回答说。
那位官员十分仔细地把箱子检查了一遍。所有细心包装好的东西一会儿工夫就乱成一团。我相信那箱子再也关不上了。突然，我看到官员脸上露出了得意的神色。他在我的箱底发现了一只小瓶，高兴地一把抓了起来。
“香水，嗯？”他讥讽地说道，“你刚才应该申报，香水要上进口税的。”
“不，这不是香水，”我说，“是发胶。”接着我脸带微笑补充说：“这是一种我自己配制的奇特的混合物。”
“你就闻一闻吧！”我催促说。
海关官员拧开瓶盖，把瓶子放到鼻子底下。一股怪味袭来，使他相信了我说的真话。几分钟后，我终于被放行，手提划着宝贵的粉笔记号的行李，匆匆离去。

【课文讲解】

quite tolerant
我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调
表示“真正的”really
a really officious person
强调“特别，尤其是”particularly
强调“绝对的”absolutely
强调“完全的，彻底的”completely,entirely,fully,thoroughly
强调“特别，特别是”extremely

fairly---强调“一般般”
very……语气程度强烈“非常”
rahter……语意程度接近fairly,注意修饰形容词和副词特别是修饰形容词同时修饰名词时，不定冠词的位置
A fairly good book.
A rather good book/Rather a good book
quite---～right/wrong/mistaken/sure

Even really honest people...
a particularly officious young Customs officer...

the Green Channel=the Custom Office
are made to feel guilty
make,have,let及感官性动词see,hear,notice,feel 用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的to符号应该省略，但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原　
We heard someone come up the stairs
Someone was heard to come up the stairs

(on the one hand...)on the other hand
On the one hand we could stay and help you,but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead

higgen in his suitcase
过去分词短语作定语，修饰watches
Even if/though he has five hundred golden watches that are hidden in his suitcase.

looking me in the eys. 两眼直盯盯的注视着我
look sb.in the face,stare sb.in the eys=look directly at sb.
Not one of the men dared look him in the eye.

Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?
注意：mind后面的动名词形式

The Officer went through the case with great care.
==The Officer examined the case carefully
with great care……强调相当的仔细

in a mess: 乱作一团
介词in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态
　秩序井然；in good order
身体健康：in good health
心境好： in a good mood
脾气好：　in a good temper

light up:喜气洋洋，容光焕发
　Masha's face lit up when she saw her old friend.
His face lighted up at the small triumph.
Tom really lighted up when he saw the new bicycle.
light过去式，过去分词：lit,lighted
但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被动点燃的，要用lighted
一支被点燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar
点燃的火炬：a lighted stick

介词短语---with delight“欣喜若狂地”
with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情
　自信地：with confidence
细心地：with care
骄傲地：with pride
欣喜若狂地：with delight

pounce on :向...猛扑过去，对...大作文章
　　The policeman pounced on the thief.
Don't pounce on my mistake.
should have和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道
You should have arrived here five minutes earlier.
You should have told me about it.
本不应该做某事：shouldn't have done

exempt: 免除的，被免除的　be～from
Drinks are not exempt from import duty.

as……关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义，
As we know,the earth is round(众所周知）
As Brian pointed out,...(正如...所指出的）
正如...所提及的：as sb.mentioned
正如我很快得知的：as I soon learned
关系代词as和which的区别：
as所引导的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前。
which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后
副词形式：encouragingly

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell..
greet: 问候，向...致意；觉察到,呈现在...眼前，在...耳边
I woke up and was greeted by a bird's song.
Inside the room a dreaduful mess greeted us.
When he went into the kitchen,a smell greeted him.

precious:珍贵的

【Multiple choice questions】

1.C
2.C what----名词
3.A
4.D
5.C look him in the eye/face=look directly at him
6.B Would you kindly do sth.please?
7.A should: ought to
8.A Having finished his homework ,he went to bed.
9.C 宽容的，好相处的　　B 平静的
　A 能忍耐的，可忍受的　D 疏忽的
10 A feel ashamed of
D 无辜的
11.D 不愿意相信的
　A: unable to be understood
The article is full of incomprehensible technical expressions.
B: unbelievable
What you said is incredible.
C: 不轻信的
　D: unwilling to believe
12.baggage=luggage