新视野大学英语读写教程听力 第二册 unit01b_new

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[00:00.00]喜欢hxen.net，就把hxen.net复制到QQ个人资料中！Culture Shock
[00:03.10]Do you think studying in a different country
[00:07.74]is something that sounds very exciting?
[00:12.31]Like many young people who leave home to study in another country,
[00:18.76]do you think you would have lots of desirable fun?
[00:24.62]Certainly, it is a new experience,
[00:29.27]which brings the opportunity of discovering fascinating things
[00:36.11]and a feeling of freedom.
[00:39.78]In spite of these advantages, however,
[00:45.14]there are also some challenges you will encounter.
[00:50.69]Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values,
[00:58.07]and traditions that exist in different countries,
[01:03.43]you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture
[01:09.08]and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you.
[01:14.84]This is culture shock.
[01:19.09]Evidently,at least four essential stages of culture-shock adjustment occur.
[01:27.16]The first stage is called “the honeymoon.”
[01:32.02]In this stage, you feel excitement about living in a different place,
[01:38.86]and everything seems to be marvelous.
[01:43.43]You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you.
[01:49.40]Also,the amusement of life in a new culture
[01:55.16]seems as though it will have no ending.
[01:59.70]Eventually,however,the second stage of culture shock appears.
[02:06.14]This is the “hostility stage.”
[02:11.00]You begin to notice that not everything
[02:15.47]is as good as you had originally thought it was.
[02:20.62]You become tired of many things about the new culture.
[02:26.27]Moreover,people don’t treat you like a guest anymore.
[02:32.53]Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful,
[02:38.80]and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.
[02:44.56]Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture,
[02:50.93]you devise some defense mechanisms
[02:55.86]to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock.
[03:02.88]One type of coping mechanism is called “repression.”
[03:08.82]This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable
[03:14.62]and that nothing bothers you.
[03:18.58]Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression.”
[03:25.02]This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are;
[03:31.68]you act like a child.
[03:35.21]You forget everything,and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible.
[03:41.76]The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation.”
[03:48.20]You would rather be home alone,
[03:51.98]and you don’t want to communicate with anybody.
[03:56.95]With isolation,you try to avoid the effects of culture shock,
[04:03.61]or at least that’s what you think.
[04:07.61]Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use
[04:13.66]because it separates you from those things that could really help you.
[04:20.21]The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection.”
[04:26.58]With this coping mechanism,you think you don’t need anybody.
[04:32.56]You feel you are coping fine alone,
[04:37.20]so you don’t try to ask for help.
[04:41.56]The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful.
[04:49.33]If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms
[04:55.20]to help yourself survive,that is acceptable.
[05:00.53]You must be cautious, however.
[05:04.67]These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you
[05:11.04]from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.
[05:16.91]After you deal with your hostile feelings,
[05:21.73]recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins.
[05:27.78]Then you come to the third stage called “recovery.”
[05:33.86]In this stage,you start feeling more positive,
[05:39.34]and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don’t understand.
[05:45.71]The whole situation starts to become more favorable;
[05:50.96]you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages,
[05:56.83]and you adjust yourself to the new norms,values,
[06:02.30]and even beliefs and traditions of the new country.