高考阅卷教师谈英语写作高分策略
----内容充实 行文流畅
很多同学抱怨英语作文是英语学习中最头疼的事情,下笔能言,但却漏洞百出。笔者有幸参加了2000年英语高考北京地区的阅卷工作,并收集了部分优秀作文。通过下面的这篇2000年高考满分作文,总结其中规律,希望能给今年考生带来些许帮助。
At 7:15 on the morning of Feb.8.2000,I was footing eastward along the Park Road.I was about to reach the T-crossing near the City Park when I noticed an old man coming out of the City Park and was trying to cross the street.Suddenly,a yellow car,which had come down the 3rd Street,turned sharply right at the corner.It was driving so fast that neither the driver nor the old man was able to react effectively.Regretfully,the woman driver did not stop to look after him but fled as quickly as possible.Badly injured as he was,the old man tried to take down the car's number.However,I managed it:which was AC864.
这篇文章的特点是:内容充实,要点全面;语言丰富,文字优美;行文连贯,过渡自然。
高考英语作文主要是以文章内容、语言、逻辑、字数等作为评分依据。从阅卷的情况来看,教师们更多地从整体上把握整篇文章,比较侧重语言文字的运用,但这并不意味着考生要刻意写一些花哨的东西。只要考生把在课本上出现的(尤其是每一个单元的对话)、老师讲过的、加上自己课外获得的知识真实地反映出来就可以了。那么,英语写作应注意什么问题呢?
首先,要注意审题。考生对写什么(作文内容或要点),怎么写(行文和语言)在头脑里面必须有一个清晰的思路。从阅卷的情况来看,很多考生动笔就写,发现错误后,不得不进行修改。由于不准使用涂改液和胶条,致使卷面多处涂改,严重影响卷面整洁,也影响了考生的实际成绩。
其次,考生应该从遣词造句角度多下工夫。从词语上,尽可能运用已经学过的而且比较熟悉的词组、短语或成语;从句式上,力求变换各种句式,如强调句、倒装句、各种从句和固定句型等,长句和短句交错使用;英语和汉语中都有一词多义的现象,写作时同样的意思,考生应该尽可能用多种方法翻译,然后找出一个最佳表达。必须注意的是,考生一定不要片面追求花哨文字,拼凑一些错误百出的英语词句,使自己的成绩大打折扣。只要在确保没有错误的前提下作一些适当发挥即可。例如:
1.He came here at 5 pm.yesterday.(一般句式)
2.He did not come here until 5 pm.yesterday.(否定句)
3.Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.(倒装句)
4.It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.(强调句)
再次,行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。为了使文章结构严密,增强说服力和感染力,考生应该在句与句之间,恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。常见的有:
表列举:for example、for instance、that is to say,etc
表补充:besides、in addition、moreover,etc
表对比:on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of,etc
表原因:because of、thanks to、due to、owing to,etc
表结果:therefore、thus、as a result、so,etc
表结论:to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up,etc
表转折:however、nevertheless、yet,etc
另外,考生很容易出现句与句之间不使用连接词的错误,这是英语写作中的大忌。我们一定要牢记使用连接词。例如:
We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词)
As we are good friends,we should help each other.(从属连词)
Being good friemds,we should help each other.(非谓语动词)
When he was young,his father died in the civil war,but he didn't lose heart.(从属/转折连词)
最后,考生应该把写完的作文阅读两遍,认真检查是否有拼写方面的错误,是否有时态、语态方面的错误,是否存在中式英语等等。
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