2010年GRE类比分类大全(一)
1.个体组成团体的关系
一个集合体的名词和一个表示个体的名词放在一起,由多个个体可以组成一个集合体,如choir和singer,cast和actor,orchestra和instrumentalist,flock和birds,school和fish,herd和cattle,soldier和army,colony和bacterium,armada和vehicle,fusillade和projectiles,barrage和explosives,gravel和pebble,nation和citizen.
有时需考虑这个个体在组成团体时的规律性及团体自身的特点,如matrix和number只能对应crystal和atom而不能对应gas和molecule.再如tile组成mosaic,stitch组成sampler,还有array和number,formation和soldier.
2.人和其特点的关系
(1)人和其性格特点的正/反面关系
正面,如:zealot和fervor,altruist和self1essness,partisan和allegiance,diplomat和tact,inventor和ingenuity,coward和craven,dupe和credulous,acrobat和agility,boor和insensitive,loner和solitary,surgeon和dexterity,blowhard和boastfu1,toady和obsequious,supplicant和humility,adversary和resistance,recluse和withdrawn,bigot和biased,wag和humorous,dolt和stupid.
反面,如:maverick和conformity,stickler和approximation,purist和adulteration,heretic和orthodoxy,poseur和sincerity,recluse和gregariousness,coward和brave,philanthropist和selfish,neophyte和experience,boor和sensitivity,yokel和sophistication.
(2)人和其行为的正/反面关系
正面,如:proctor和supervise,prodigal和squander,conspirators和collusion,juggernaut和crush,quisling和betray,foragers和grazing,hunter和stalking,faultfinder和criticize,arbitrator和mediate,instigator和incite,bully和browbeat.
反面,如:extrovert和reserve,miser和spend.
有时需注意动作的作用对象的区分,如ascetic和indu1ge只能对应libertine和restrain而不能对应benefactor和stint.
(3)人及其追求的目标:hedonist和pleasure,recluse和privacy,ascetic和self一control.
(4)人及其必然拥有的特点:pundits和authoritativeness,expert和expertise,pest和irksome.
(5)人及其过分拥有的特点:gourmand和appetite,miser和thrifty,chauvanist和patriotism,querulous和complain.
3.事物及其正/反面特点
正面:whim和capricious,fact和objective,synopsis和condensed,plant和herbaceous,trees和arborea1,orchestra和instrumenta1,labyrinth和tortuous,ornament和decorative,gadfly和annoying,stealth和furtive,caprice和whimsica1,bombast和pompous,tirade和critical.
反面:chance和inevitable,invention和insipid,imagination和prosaic,gaucherie和urbane,melodrama和subtlety,chimera和authenticity.
4.程度比较(一般说来,两个单词的词性是相同的)
(1)形容词的程度比较:一般比较简单,两个单词修饰同一个方面,但在程度上有所差异。如g1aring和bright,deafening和loud,minuscule和smal1,saturated和moist,obvious和perceptible,crucial和relevant,agog和interested,fanatic和devoted.但有时也比较复杂,如rapacious和covetous,prude和proper,paranoid和suspicious,ido1atrous和devoted,zealous和enthusiastic,stygian和dark,abysmal和1ow.
有时会夹杂褒贬类比,如:attentive和officious,refined和snobbish,receptive和gullible,frugal和penurious,compliant和obsequious,talkative和garrulous,sweet和cloying,confident和arrogant.
(2)动词的程度类比可分两种:
一种是这个动作在表示动作主体的态度的强烈程度上的差异,如:complain和carp,indulge和mollycoddle,instruct和goad,tend和fuss,reproach和upbraid,1ike和dote,suggest和urge;
另一种是动作本身激烈程度或造成结果的强烈程度上的差异,如:drink和guzzle,embarrass和mortify,glimmer和dazzle,warm和sear,involve和entangle,trickle和gush,gnaw和nibble,quaff和sip,gobble和nibble,suffuse和tint,wander和amble,enrage和irk.
(3)名词的程度比较,也可分为两类。来源:和谐英语学习网
一类是具体名词的程度比较,也可以叫同类物质的大小的比较,如twig和1imb,pebb1e和boulder,quibble和objection,foible和flaw,figurine和colossus,storm和hurricane,fire和inferno,tiff和quarrel,minutiae和details,elapse和error,nuance和distinction,inkling和indication.
另一类是抽象名词的程度比较,两者在态度的强烈程度上或结果的严重程度上有差异,如:admonishment和castigation,irreverence和blasphemy,confusion和delirium,unconsciousness和coma,peccadillo和sin,ecstasy和pleasure,surprise和astonishment,pride和hubris.
5.直接修饰
一个adj和一个n放在一起,这个adj可以对这个n做出某些限定。如redolent和smel1,前者表示了后者的一种好的性状,此类关系中对应选项的特点也应是adj可对n进行限定,并且此adj应和题干中的adj的上下对应很工整,如褒贬的对应,简单/复杂状态的对应等。所以做这类题的关键是要大家对于这两个adj有一种正确的感觉。如:1aconic和speech对应austere和design,articulate和speech对应graceful和movement,volatile和temper对应ready和wit,frenetic和movement对应fanatical和belief,fetid和smell对应ug1y和appearance.
抽象名词也可修饰名词的特点,如stridency和sound对应garishness和appearance,此时抽象名词的特点的上下对应是找到答案的关键。