GRE阅读题型之细节题详细分析（3）

　　GRE阅读的题型众多，之前我们对细节题中的给定行数题、写作用意题、强对比取非题进行了详细的分析，今天我们主要介绍一下细节题中另一种比较重要的题型——类比题。
　　类比题的特征：
　　首先，题干中一般都把所问事物所在的行数给出；其次，所考的类比的现象一般都可以让考生在考场上看懂；另外，阅读中类比题要考的是大致感觉，模糊对应，而不是GRE词汇类比题中的精细词义、关系的类比；最后，阅读类比题的选项虽然长，但还算好懂，而且正误选项的区分度比较大。
　　GRE阅读中类比题常见的提问方式：
　　Which of the following is an example of the type of … described in Line 2-5?
　　The … presented by the author in Lines 19-20 is similar to which of the following?
　　Which of the following is most nearly analogous to … as described in the passage ？
　　即“下列哪一选项所述现象和原文第n行的说法比较相像？”
　　类比题的选项一般比较长，需要花较长的时间去看。但是，这类题的难度并不是很高，只要时间够用，耐心地去做，类比题也是很容易拿分的。类比题需要在原文的类比原型中找到两个特征作为类比要素，尽量剔除现象的叙述，将其特征扩大化到抽象的、普通的、更具广泛适应性的范围中；再在各个选项中对照类比要素，耐心地按顺序看答案；哪个选项具备类比要素地特征，哪个就是正确答案。
　　下面我们以一个具体的例子来说明：
　　Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift away from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.
　　……
　　……
　　Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the passage?
　　(A) Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.
　　(B) Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.
　　(C) Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual use of water, the town’s water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the total population of the town.
　　(D) Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within the country continues to increase.
　　(E) Although a country reduces the speed limit on its national highways, the number of fatalities caused by automobile accidents continues to increase.
　　分析：
　　文中正确定位
　　题目的意思是“下面哪个选项与文章中的第一句话所描述的情况相似？”，很明显，这到题属于典型的类比题。首先，我们迅速地在文章定位，找到第一句话，即Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits
　　分析所给信息
　　像做GRE词汇的类比一样，要先弄清楚所给大写单词的意思，这里就需要先理解所给信息的意思，这句话的意思是“美国单个汽车尾气排放量虽然下降，但是汽车的总数还是在稳定地上升。因此，结果还是，美国的100多个城市仍然是污染排放总量在大幅度上升。”这句话有些长，意思可以理解这样的逻辑关系 “个体量下降，但数量增加，所以总和还是增加的”。第一步是下降，但是最后的结果还是增加的。
　　寻找正确选项
　　我们根据这样的关系，去选项中去寻找答案，这里没有什么解题的技巧，我们需要把选项的答案一个一个地看，最总找去一个选项最符合所给信息的逻辑关系。通过把各个排除选项，这到题的正确答案是C,C选项的意思是“虽然小镇居民减少了他们的个人用水量，但是人口增加了，所以，总供水量还是不足。”
　　小结：
　　GRE阅读中的类比题要比词汇部分的类比题容易多了，在考试的时候，只要有充足的时间，不要烦躁地放弃类比题，仔细看一下原文的现象，进行简单的归纳，总结出比较好理解的关系，再按照这样的关系，去选项中寻找答案。