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GRE杨鹏难句130句详解(5)

2012-07-12来源:和谐英语
  47. unless they succeed,the yield gains of the green revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated,and even if the transfer of those gene complexes,once they are found, becomes possible. (4)
  除非他们能取得成功,不然的话,绿色革命的产量收益将在很大程度上损失殆尽,即使豆科植物中使这些植物有条件进入到与固氮细菌共生关系的基因可被辨识出来和分离开来的话,且即使这些基因综合体(gene complex),一旦被发现之后,其移植得以成为可能的话。
  难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语
  解释:主句比较简单,而后面跟着的由and连接的两个表示让步的条件状语从句就相对复杂,第一个从句是用一个修饰主语的定语从句that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers把主谓隔开;第二个从句则运用了插入语once they are found把主谓隔开。
  意群训练:unless they succeed,the yield gains of the green revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated,and even if the transfer of those gene complexes,once they are found, becomes possible.
  48. its subject(to use maynard mack's categories)is "life-as-spectacle," for readers,diverted by its various incidents,observe its hero odysseus primarily from without;the tragic iliad,however,presents "life-as-experience":readers are asked to identify with the mind of achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. (5)
  译文:其主题〔若借鉴梅纳德。迈克(maynard mack)的两个分类范畴的话〕是“人生作为外部景象”,因为读者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散,主要是从外部来观察其主人公奥德修斯(odyssus)的;然而,富于悲剧色彩的《伊利亚特》所表现的则是“人生作为内心体验”:读者被要求与阿基琉斯(achilles)的心灵产生共鸣,而其行为动机却致使他变作一个并非特别惹人喜爱的主人公。 (从分号后的语句推理出前面的意思)
  注:hero:主人公;without:外部;likable:有吸引力的
  难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词、熟词僻义
  请思考:如果看不懂分号前的without的意思,是否可以用合理化原则根据分号后的那句话推理出其意思?
  解释:本句中尽管也存在一些复杂修饰和插入的内容,但是本句话之所以难懂,与其说是因为这些东西的影响,倒不如说是因为用词的抽象和语义的难以理解。作为一篇文学评论型的文章,文章中充斥着一些很抽象的词汇;本句话中就有subject/category/spectacle/divert/incident/hero/primarily/without/present/identify/motivation/particularly/likable等。背过这些单词的中文释义,并不意味着在阅读中能够清楚地理解其真正含义。对于抽象词的训练方法,请参见附录中<阅读抽象词提速法>。这里仅解释几个对于这句话最重要的单词:hero:在此不是指英雄,在文学评论型的文章当中,此单词的意思是主人公。
  without:在此处是一个熟词僻义,意思是外部,等于outside。
  likable:不可望文生义,它不是像什么东西的意思,而是有吸引力的意思,其同义词有pleasant或attractive.
  本句中,对于理解全句起到最大影响的,就是能否正确理解without这个单词,然而问题在于,如果不认识without的熟词僻义,是否可用合理化原则根据分号后的那句话推理出其意思?根据紧跟着分别的however,我们可以推断出分号前后的两句话所说的内容截然相反,因此可以从i戏剧的描述中推出,without的意思应该是不去认同其主人公的内心世界。
  意群训练:its subject(to use maynard mack's categories)is "life-as-spectacle," for readers,diverted by its various incidents,observe its hero odysseus primarily from without;the tragic iliad,however,presents "life-as-experience":readers are asked to identify with the mind of achilles,whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.
  49. most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. (3+)
  译文:在一条成年比目鱼身上显著存在的诸多不对称(asymmetry)特征中,最为吸人注目的是眼睛的摆位:在成年之前,一只眼睛发生移动,因此在成年比目鱼身上,两只眼睛均位于头部的同一侧面。
  难句类型:倒装、省略
  解释:本句的倒装本质上与我们早就的一种倒装结构是一样的,即形容词放在句首时,主语和谓语倒装。本句的主干的正常语序应该是:eye placement is most striking;倒装后成了most striking is eye placement。但是这种倒装在gre考试中出现,又有了新的特色,被提到句首的most striking被长长的状语among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish与后面的主语和表语分开,造成阅读困难。
  意群训练:most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.
  50. a critique of handlin's interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660's suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of black slaves in north and south america should be expanded .(4)
  译文:一个对于h的关于为何法律上的奴隶制没有在17世纪60年代以前出现的原因所作解释的批评显示,关于奴隶制和种族偏见之间的关系的假说应当重新检查,而且显示出,对于在北美和南美之间的对黑怒的不同处理的解释应当被扩展。
  难句类型:复杂修饰、省略
  解释:句子的主干清楚:a critique suggests that…, and suggests that…。但是因为句子的结构复杂、修饰成分多,再加上后面的and 之后的suggests被省略,所以句子的结构很难被读出来的。
  本句的suggest不再是暗示,而是显示、说明的意思,其同义词有point,indicate,imply。本句的两个suggest之后的宾语从句都根据语法要求使用了虚拟语气。
  意群训练:a critique of handlin's interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660's suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations for the different treatment of black slaves in north and south america should be expanded .