GRE杨鹏难句130句详解(10)
91、for one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.(5)
难句类型:正话反说
请思考:如果文中说这句话的前提是:all population are driven by two (and only two) categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者说上面的这句话有什么用意。
解释:本句虽然貌不惊人,但本书既然将其收录进来,并标出难度5,就意味着其中有怪异之处。值得一提的是,本文前面曾把控制种群密度的因素分为两种,一种叫做density-dependent factors(这里简称d-d因素),另一种叫做dentsity-independent factors(简称d-i因素)。原文的直译虽然好懂,但是总令人感觉说得不甚明白。显然,gre或gmat的作者不可能随便说一句无关痛痒的话,那么没有任何种群能够在所有的时间全被d-i因素所控制,其真正意思是什么呢?就是:一切种群都必然在某个时间内受到d-d因素的控制。本句是ets在考试中惯用的正话反说的典型例子,请读者深沉体会。本句在文章中也是理解作者态度的关键所在。
意群训练:for one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time.
92、in order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation,we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret,one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones,while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics. (5)
为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质,我们可以把那些作用于增长参数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的“信号”,正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增,或从相对较高的数值递减;而与此同时,那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的“噪音”。
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、省略
解释:句子不仅很长,而且有两个地方看上去不舒服,第一:think of ..as…不是很常见,其实think of 这个词组就等于consider,imagine,加上后面的as就是把….认为是…的意思。第二个不习惯的地方是signal后面的大段修饰语,不但长度很长,而且在signal后面还省略了一个that,正常应该是the signal that ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret,,与前面见过对that的省略不同的是,这次that在句中不是句子的宾语,而是不定式动词的宾语。
意群训练:in order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation,we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret,one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones,while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics.
93、but the play’s complex view of black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than du bois’ famous,well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity,or fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. (5)
但该剧有关黑人自尊可与人类团结相融合这一复杂观点,丝毫都不比杜波伊斯(du bois)的理想或法侬(fanon)的强调来得更为“矛盾”:杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深思熟虑的理想是,民族的自觉可以和人类大同共存;法侬则对理想的国际主义进行了强调,而这一理想的国际主义同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。 no more … than :一样不
注:view black self-esteem and human solidarity
ideal ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity
emphasis national identities and roles accommodates internationalism
难句类型:复杂修饰、抽象词
解释:本句的一个大难点就是对a no more “contradictory” than b的理解,与我们想当然的意思正相反,其意思不是a不如b更矛盾,而是a与b同样都不矛盾。a no more…than b这个固定搭配的意思是a与b一样都不….例如:i can no more swim than a hammar并不是说我游泳不如锤子游得好,而是说我与锤子一样都无法游泳。
另一个难点在于句子中大量的抽象词,给读者的词汇能力提出了较高的要求。但是功底较好的读者应该可以发现,句中用来比较的前后项中的描述三个作家的九组词汇形成了一个3×4的同义词矩阵,如上述的注。每一列都是同义词,可以看出,这三个人的观点是相同的,也可以看出作者英语功底之深。
意群训练:but the play’s complex view of black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than du bois’ famous,well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity,or fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles.
94、in which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as isaacs’ to raisin in the sun?难句类型:复杂修饰、题干圈套 (5)
在以下哪一个选项中,文章的作者加强了他对类似这样的对于《》做出的反应的批判呢?
解释:为了对应原文,以上中文的翻译显得很笨拙,请读者原谅。需要说明的是,本题号称gre五大难题之一。对于此题的市面上众说纷纭,皆不得要领,笔者很高兴能通过这本书把此题讲清楚,一来以正视听,二来解决同学们的疑难,三来提示ets出题者的叵测居心。
此题之所以难解,是因为题干中藏有圈套。请仔细观察题干,它问的是作者对谁的批评?是对i一伙的所有批评家的responses还是对i个人的responses做出的批评呢?当然是对所有的responses。出题者在此设下陷阱,让读者怎么看都像是对i的responses的批评,可是文章中对于i的描述并没有能和选项匹配的说法,因此用i到文中去定位,这道题当然无法做出:而文中对与i抱有相同观点的全体评论家们对<太阳下的葡萄干>一书的反应的描述十分清楚:indeed, a curiously persistent refusal to credit hansberry with a capacity for intentional irony has led some critics to interpret the play’s thematic conflicts as mere confusion,contradiction, or eclecticism.isaac, for exmaple,…
评论家们从一个错误的前提(即h不能intentianl icrony)推出一个错误结论,那么我们的作者应该怎么批评他们呢?当然要驳倒其assumption,说h是能作intentinal irony的。我们于是看到了d选项,intentianal 的完美的同义词:well-considered.从本题中可以体会到,对于句子的阅读能力是多么重要。
意群训练:in which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as isaacs’ to raisin in the sun?
95、inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century progressive historians such as beard and becker,these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. (3+)
作为二十世纪早期“进步派”史学家(如beard和becker)等人某些观点的继承者,这些近期的史学家所提出的观点值得我们予以评价。
难句类型:复杂修饰
解释:看够了后置的修饰成分,我们来看一个放在前面的同位语。inheritors之后的长长的复合结构是主句的主语these recent historians的同位语。本句稍微有些难的地方在于,很容易把b和b与recent historians的关系看错。正确的理解是:recent historians是b和b的后继者,而不是相反。
意群训练:inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century progressive historians such as beard and becker,these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
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