雅思真题:剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析

剑桥雅思6 第一套试题，阅读部分 Passage ，阅读真题原文部分：

READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

AUSTRALIA'S SPORTING SUCCESS

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer

D ‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better’ This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.

With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times. ‘You design the model to make that time,' says Mason. ‘A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.

F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

Questions 1-7
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of athletes
7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

Questions 8-11
Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states they
A are currently exclusively used by Australians
B will be used in the future by Australians
C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
8 cameras
9 sensors
10 protein tests
11 altitude tents

Questions 12 and 13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?
13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

READING PASSAGE 1真题解析：

篇章结构
体裁 说明文
主题 澳大利亚的体育成就
结构 A段：澳大利亚体育成绩斐然 B段：科技是第一生产力
C段：精确测量和数据分析 D段：精确测量和数据分析的实例
E段：数据的实际应用 F段：不可复制的成功

必背词汇

A段
fair adj.合理的pro n.职业运动员
demolish v.击败；破坏，毁坏 under the eye of 在……的注意下
rival n.竞争者，对手 body n.团体，机构
seeming adj.表面上的(通常事实并非如此) finance v.给……提供经费
ease n.不费力，轻松 excellence n.优秀，卓越
extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的 intensive adj.强化的
underpin v.以……为稳固基础 nutritional adj.营养的

B段
centre stage 中心地位 squash n.壁球
collaborate v.合作 instrument n.仪器，器械
golfer n.打高尔夫球的人 ethereal adj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的

C段
come down to(sth.)可归结为 wire-frame adj.线框的
second-by-second 每秒的 slice v.划开；切开
output n.输出 slow motion 慢动作
wring…out of 原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从……中(经过努力)获得 side-on 从侧面
stroke n.划动，划水
tweak v.扭，用力拉 spine n.脊柱
world-beating adj.举世瞩目的 swivel v.旋转
prototype n.原型 biomechanical adj.生物力(学)的
profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型 velocity n.速度，速率
lap n.一圈
budding adj.发展中的 spit out 原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出
frame n.帧，画面

D段
turn time 转身时间 immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白
unobtrusive adj.不显眼的，不醒目的 present adj.存在的
sensor n.传感器 saliva n.唾液
embed v.使插入；使嵌入 ease v.减轻，减弱
sweat v.出汗，发汗 remarkably adv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地
experimentation n.实验，试验
immune-system 免疫系统的

E段
complex adj.复杂的 transform v.转换，转变，改变
championship n.冠军赛 arguably adv.可论证地(可辩论地)，有理由说地
gear v.调整，(使)适合
segment n.部分

F段
unveil v.展示(新产品)；揭开 altitude tent 高原帐篷
coolant-lined 流线型散热 replicate v.复制
endurance n.耐力；忍耐力 encompass v.包含或包括某事物
slice v.减少，降低

难句解析
1. A lot of their work comes down to measurement—everything from the exact angle of a swimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist.
参考译文：许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。
语言点：
come down to：归结为；涉及If a complicated situation or problem comes down to something, that is the single most important thing
It all comes down to money in the end.归根到底，一切都是因为钱。

2. No gain is too slight to bother with.
参考译文：无论多么微小的收获都值得为之努力。
语言点：
(1)too…to的用法：表示否定的含义，译为“太……以致于不能”。本句话虽然短，却因为有no否定词和too…to句型而出现了肯定的意思，因此要格外注意。可以根据“负负得正”的原则直接将原句翻译成肯定的意思，便于理解。
(2)gain n.获得
① [C] an advantage or improvement, especially one achieved by planning or effort
② [U&C] an increase in the amount or level of something
③ [U] financial profit, especially when this seems to be the only thing someone is interested in The party made considerable gains at local elections.该党派在地方选举中获得许多利益。
(3) bother v. 努力做: to make the effort to do something
① (not) bother to do something
He didn't bother to answer the question.
② (not) bother about/with
He didn't bother with a reply.
③ (not) bother doing something
Many young people didn't bother voting.
don't/didn't/won't etc. bother
‘ Do you want me to wait for you?’ ‘No, don't bother.’
Why bother to go abroad when there are so many nice places here?

3. You design the model to make that time A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.
参考译文：人们设计一种模式以达到预期的速度，该模式规定了出发时间的长短、每次划水的速率、一定的划频和划距、转身所需的时间等等。
注意：代词this和that，these等所指代的东西，需要通过上下文理解掌握。本句话中代词指的是“竞赛模式”下所预期的时间、速度等。
语言点：
(1)stroke(划船，游泳等)一划
butterfly stroke蝶泳sidestroke侧泳breaststroke蛙泳backstroke仰泳
(2) frequency 频 率 the number of times that something happens within a particular period of time or within a particular group of people
① frequency of
the frequency of serious road accidents重大道路交通事故的发生频率
② the high/low frequency (of something)高/低频率
the higher frequency of diabetes in older people老年人中的糖尿病高发频率
Side effects from prescribed drugs are being reported with increasing frequency.处方药的副作用遭到越来越多的报道。

试题解析

Questions 1-7
●题目类型：MATCHING
●题目解析：