雅思听力考试的灵魂——同义置换（4）

　　C. 同义词或近义词的转化
　　如剑四Test2 Section2 Question13:
　　International students may find stress difficult to handle because
　　A. they lack support from family and friends
　　B. they don’t have time to make new friends
　　C. they find it difficult to socialize
　　听力原文：stress → anxiety, handle → cope with
　　A. lack →without
　　又如剑五Test2 Section4 Question31:
　　More than _____ times as big as the UK.
　　听力原文：more than → over, as big as the UK → the size of the UK
　　总结：无论是填空题还是选择题，都会或多或少地遇到同义置换。这就要求考生平时多积累意思相近甚至相同的名词，形容词，动词等词性以及相关词组，增强敏感性。
　　◆ 以下是常见近义词的替换：
　　增长：grow, increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket
　　下降：fall, decline, descend, dive, drop, sink, decrease, go down, slump, cut, dip
　　限制：limit, restrict, confine, define, narrow, tighten, constrict
　　重要的，必不可少的，关键的：important, significant, critical, vital, essential, crucial, indispensable, necessary, key, pivotal, chief, principal, leading
　　足够的，充分的，大量的：sufficient, adequate, enough, abundant, ample, plenty of, considerable, plentiful
　　依赖：depend on, rely upon(on), count on, lean on, reckon on, rest on, bank on
　　第一，最初，最早：first, earliest, oldest, initial, original, commencement, pioneer, coin
　　危险：hazard, danger, risk, threat, jeopardy, peril
　　导致，产生：breed, produce, arouse, bring about, cause, generate, give rise to, lead to, result in, contribute to, be responsible for, create
　　巨大的：large, big, considerable, enormous, gigantic, great ,huge, substantial, vast, massive, numerous, immense, tremendous
　　在…之前，早于…：prior to, before, earlier than, ahead of, previously, formerly
　　昂贵的：costly, expensive, highly-priced, exorbitant, dear, stiff, luxury
　　影响：impact, effect, consequences, significance, impression, influence
　　好处，优势，价值：merit, worth, value, advantage, strong point, advantage, benefit
　　坏处，缺点：drawback, minus, disadvantage, downside, deficiency, problem, flaw, weakness, weak point
　　通过以上分析，不难得出一个结论：同义置换是一种技巧性相当高的能力，也是雅思听力，甚至是阅读考试的灵魂。通过对真题例子的分析可以短时间内提高考生的敏感性，而逐步掌握这一技巧需要考生日积月累的努力。而一旦掌握了这一技巧，会有事半功倍的效果。