雅思写作常见语法错误解析
None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。
None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。
8. 名词如:trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数,如:
His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数,如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news; 以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如:the United States; 报纸名如:the New Times; 书名如:Arabian Night <天方夜谈>;以及The United Nations<联合国>等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
10. “a+名词+and a half”, “one and a half+名词”,“the number of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意:one or two+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
内容一致原则:
1. 主语中有all, half, most, the rest等,以及“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词,如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车今天出售。
60% of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组,如:part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数,如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数,如:
Fifteen minus five is ten. 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数,如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词:包括police, people, cattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数,如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词:包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage等。
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词:包括audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public等,如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. “the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
就近原则:
1. 由here, there, where等引导的倒装句中(有时主语不止一个时),谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致,如:
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在这儿的时候,你爱人和孩子呆在哪儿呢?
2. 用连词or, either....or, neither….nor, not only….but also等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致,如:
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都不知道这事。
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意:one of+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数,如:
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。
三、时态
时态是雅思作文中至关重要的一部分,如果时态出现错误会导致整篇文章的错误。主要需要掌握的时态为一般现在时,过去时和将来时,掌握好这三种时态对于雅思写作来说已经足够。提醒考生注意,Task One的第一段肯定是一般现在时态,中间段落的时态要由图表中的时间来决定,但是基本上不会出现进行时态,而对于流程图,只能使用一般现在时态。Task Two基本上以一般现在时态为主,根据所写内容决定是否应该使用其他时态。一般现在时态主要就是注意主谓一致的问题,一般过去时态需要特别注意动词过去式的拼写,特别是不规则动词过去式的变化,而将来时态需要注意的是在小作文中只能使用will+do的形式而不能使用be going to。
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