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雅思写作:中式思维与英式思维

2015-01-09来源:互联网

  一、修饰语与中心词

  英语的修饰语,如介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等皆放在被修饰语的后面;而汉语的修饰语无论长短、繁简,皆置于被修饰语的前面。体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。例如:

  1. The scientists everywhere in the world are looking for the efficientmethods to make the air clean and protect it from the pollution by all kinds ofindustrial harmful waste gases.

  汉语“全世界的科学家”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。“净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法”同样是修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则相反。

  2. We appreciate your words about the relations between our twocountries.

  汉语“有关我们两国关系的谈话”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。“有关我们两国关系”,同样是修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则相反。

  3. The hungry boy ate up everything he could have his hands on from therefrigerator.

  “他从冰箱里所能拿到的吃的东西”,修饰语在前,中心词在后,而英语则是中心词在前,修饰语在后。

  4. The problem arose of how to fairly distribute the world naturalresources.

  比较而言,该句主语太长,谓语太短,构成了不连续性修饰语,不过还是有些突兀,但修饰语还得后置。而汉语“怎样合理分配世界自然资然的问题”仍是修饰语在前,中心词在后。

  二、句子

  英语句子开门见山,其主谓结构是全句的“纲”,其余成份是“目”,一般先下结论,后叙事,从近到远,新近发生的事先出现,重心落在句首。汉语句子一般以逻辑关系和时间的先后顺序排列,一般先叙事,后下结论,由远及近,重心落在句尾。这种差异体现了直入与螺旋的不同的思维方式。中国学生在英语写作时往往会受汉语思维的影响,写出下面的句子:

  1. a) When I stayed in Guangzhou last month, you helped me. I am gratefulfor that.

  2. a) Tom’s mother died when he was only two years old, so he did notremember her.

  3. a) After we left China in 1959, the natural calamities happened oneafter another for three years in the country. While we read about it at home, wehad been dismayed.

  4. a) It looked rain that evening, yet Dad came all the same. That made usvery joyful.