雅思写作中那些可以使用的"it"

　　很多备考雅思的同学在练习雅思写作的过程中难免会因为无词无句而抱怨没有写作内容。的确，雅思作文开头句式单一已成为很多同学的通病。因此，和谐英语网综合整理了浅析“it”在雅思写作中的应用，以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。愿大家都能取得好成绩，更多有关留学考试的资讯与辅导资料敬请关注和谐英语网留学考试频道。

　　形式主语;

　　(一)什么是形式主语

　　作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替的是句子的逻辑主语。

　　(二)形式主语it所在的句型类别

　　1、作不定式的形式主语

　　(1)句型

　　It; is; +; a; pity/a; pleasure; +; to; do; sth.

　　It; is; +; wrong/right/wise/cruel/naughty/selfish; +; of; sb.; +; to; do;sth.

　　It; is; +; necessary/hard/important/difficult/possible/common; +; for; sb.;+; to; do; sth.

　　(2)雅思范文写作实例

　　A.; Beyond; this，; it; is; also; of; paramount; importance; to; use;theaters; and; museums; as; the：“social; classroom”; of; culture; and; history;education.

　　B.; I; think; it; is; by; no; means; pointless，; in; any; way，; to; try;to; keep; traditions; alive; with; technology.; (Cambridge; 3，; P162，; Task;2)

　　C.; It; is; difficult; to; say; who; has; the; right; to; judge; whether;children; working; is：“wrong”; or：“valuable”.; (Cambridge; 3，; P164，; Task;2)

　　D.; …，; it; is; important; to; remember; that; children; need; to; develop;skills; other; than; intellectual; ones; and; … (Cambridge; 3，; P168，; Task;2)

　　E.; Finally，; I; think; that; it; is; also; important; to; remember; that;children; need; to; relax; as; well; as; work; … (Cambridge; 3，; P168，; Task;2)

　　F.; Because; people; interpret; happiness; for; themselves; in; so; many;different; ways，; it; is; difficult; to; give; ang; definition; that; is; true;for; everyone.; (Cambridge; 4，; P165，; Task; 2)

　　G.; It; is; quite; common; these; days; for; young; people; in; many;countries; to; have; a; break; for; studying; after; graduation; from; high;school.; (Cambridge; 5，; P165，; Task; 2)

　　H.; They; may; think; that; it; is; better; to; continue; in; a;particular; job，; or; to; do; sth; completely; different; from; from; a;university; course.; (Cambridge; 5，; P165，; Task; 2)

　　据本人统计，剑桥官方的雅思真题(剑3—剑8)几乎每一篇Task2考官范文中，都有所使用，甚至在有的文章中出现三次之多。

　　(3)学生写作实例

　　实例 1：Many; people，; if; not; most，; are; strong; believer; in; the; claim;that; regard; children; go; to; work; as; completely; wrong，while; others; hold;the; opposite; opinion.

　　修改建议：it; is; completely; wrong; for; children; to; go; to; work.

　　实例2：They; have; to; complete; their; homework; conscientiously; within;limited; time; and; difficult; to; discover; the; problems; in; studies.

　　修改建议：thus; it; is; difficult; to; discover; their; problems; in; study.

　　实例3：College; graduates; are; difficult; to; find; jobs.

　　修改建议：It; is; difficult; for; college; graduates; to; find; jobs.

　　实例4：Parents; realise; the; needs; of; their; children; is; extremely;important.

　　修改建议：It; is; extremely; important; for; parents; to; realise; the; needs;of; their; children.

　　It; is; extremely; important; that; parents; realise; the; needs; of;their; children.

　　2、作动名词的形式主语

　　(1)句型

　　It; is; +; (no); use/good/useless/a; waste; of; time/energy/efforts; +;doing; sth.

　　It; is; +; good/useless/hard/foolish/enjoyable/worthwhile; +; doing;sth.

　　(2)雅思范文写作实例

　　A.; For; instance，; children; usually; pay; attention; to; match; their;clothing; and; toys; ; in; fact，; it; is; really; worth; competing; thing; that;their; study; is; being; ignored.

　　B.; Some; parents; believe; that; it; is; no; use; having; second;education; for; their; kids.

　　(3)学生作文实例

　　实例：Particular; countries; and; individuals; deals; with; environmental;issues; are; no; use.

　　修改建议：It; is; no; use; dealing; with; environmental; issues; by; particular;countries; and; indivuduals.

　　3、作主语从句的形式主语

　　(1)句型

　　It; is; +; (adj); n./(adv.); adj./(adv.)v-ed; +; that……

　　It; +; seems/happens/appears/matters//strikes/occurs(突然想起); +; that……

　　It; is; +; said/reported/believed/(universally/widely);accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged; +; that……

　　It; +; must; be; admitted/stressed; out; +; that…/It; +; cannot; be;denied; +; that………/It; +; can; be; foreseen; +; that……

　　It; +; goes; without; saying; +; that…

　　(2)雅思范文实例

　　A.; It; is; an; understandable; fact; that; many; employers; may; prefer;to; use; the; services; of; children; simply; to; save; money; by; paying; them;less; than; adults; and; it; is; this; type; of; exploitation; tht; should; be;discouraged.; (Cambridge; 3，; P164，; Task; 2)

　　B.; Admittedly，; it; is; common; sense; that; a; person; without;cooperative; spirit; will; be; difficult; to; survive; in; the; modern;society.

　　C.; Unfortunately，; it; is; not; always; the; case; that; new; things; are;promoted; because; they; have; good; impacts; for; the; majority; of; people.;(Cambridge; 6，; P168，; Task; 2)

　　D.; It; is; clear; from; the; data; given; that; there; are; some;significant; differences; in; spending; habits; in; Europe.; (Cambridge; 3，;P161，; Task; 1)

　　E.; It; goes; without; saying; that; it; pays; to; keep; early; hours.

　　F.; Take; holding; an; Olympic; games; as; an; example，; it; is; no; doubt;it; will; take; millions; of; money; to; build; stadiums.

　　G.; A; more; dramatic; rise; is; predicted; between; 2030; and; 2040; in;Japan，; by; which; time; it; is; thought; that; the; proportion; of; elderly;people; will; be; similar; in; the; three; countries.; (Cambridge; 5，; P162，;Task; 1)

　　H.; It; seems; that; the; experiences; we; have; in; life; are; so;uNPRedictable; and; so; powerful，; that; they; can; boost; or; overide; other;influences，; … (Cambridge; 5，; P169，; Task; 2)

　　(3)学生写作实例

　　实例1：It; is; quite; obvious/evident /apparent; that; the; quantity; of;families; who; tends; to; go; outside; and; infuse; fresh; oxygen; into; their;lungs; is; growing; steadily.

　　实例 2：It; is; universally; acknowledged; that; the; best; way; to; arouse;people‘s; love; to; our; nature，; who; has; devoted; herself; too; much; to;human; being’s; development; while; has; received; barely; anything; till; now，;is; to; let; them; see; the; beauty; of; hers; by; themselves.

　　这是XVCC23强化班里一位基础较好的学生的写作实例，其中的语法、措辞方面的错误已经进行了修改。

　　实例3：Clearly，; rush; hours; emerges; in; the; early; morning; as; well; as;(in; the); early; evening; which; is; most; busy/the; busiest; in; a; day; as;a; whole; in; London.

　　修改建议：这个句子的结构应该是无可厚非的(语法就不说啦)，但是，按照雅思评分的标准，句式稍微做一下调整，会更漂亮： 如：It; is; clear;that; rush; hours; emerge; in; the; early; morning; as; well; as; in; the;early; evening; which; is; most; busy/the; busiest; in; a; day; as; a; whole;in; London. 或者改成 It; is; demonstrated; that; rush; hours; emerge; in; the;early; morning; as; well; as; in; the; early; evening; which; is; most;busy/the; busiest; in; a; day; as; a; whole; in; London.这样一个小小的调整，其句子修改前后的效果是显而易见的。

　　(三)it作形式主语的特征分析

　　根据以上对it作形式主语的句型结构的解析，对雅思写作范文、尤其是官方考官范文的分析，以及对学生写作过程中出现的it使用状况的详细解读可知：相比较于名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句的复杂性和多边性，it作为形式主语的句式结构可谓简明扼要，学生掌握起来应该说是得心应手的。

　　(四)不能正确使用it形式主语的原因

　　在信息编排时，英语句子遵循“end; focus”的原则，即旧信息在前，新信息在后 “old; information+new;information”; 但是，当句子主语结构较长，容易使句子产生“head; weight”的感觉时， 句子结构则遵循“end;weight”的原则，即，把较长的主语全部置于句子尾部。前面空掉的主语位置用it来代替，担当形式主语的功能。

　　而汉语并不具有这类明显的特征，学生对英汉两种语言结构差异知之甚少，或者略有所知，在真正的运用中，也未必能够正确的体现出来。多数学生都本着汉语式的思维，一遇到“某人做某事是怎么样的/是什么”就习惯性地写成t"

　　三、总结;

　　建议学生在雅思学习中，采取步步为营的四步走战略战术，循序渐进：首先，记住句型结构; 其次，模仿写作; 之后，进行独立创作; 最后，形成属于自己的模板句型。作为雅思写作学习中可控制的因素，我们可以培养句式运用的习惯，使习惯称为自然。为了我们雅思的学习这个努力是值得 的，it; pays; in; the;long; run.