2013年阅读技巧专题介绍及分析（2）

　　题型概述

　　配对题的类型众多，大致可分为关系配对和从属配对。

　　关系配对题

　　关系配对按原文给出的某种关系将题目中的两组信息联系起来，包括因果关系、正反比关系。

　　1. 因果关系配对题

　　因果关系配对题是指，根据原文内容在备选项中找出题干的结果或原因。我们曾多次强调因果关系在雅思阅读中的重要性，在回原文寻找关键词语言重现的时候应该更加关注字里行间表示因果关系的小词，尤其是由动词或介词表达的小因果关系。

　　解题步骤：

　　1.不用先把题目从头到尾看一遍，而应该一道题一道题地做下去。

　　2.先找题目中的关键词(信息词)，再到原文中去找它的对应词。

　　3.仔细阅读关键词所在的句子，确定正确的答案。

　　4.做题时，要特别注意原文中的因果关系。

　　1. The reduction in children’s freedom may also contribute to a weakening of the sense of local community. As fewer children and adults use the streets as pedestrians, these streets become less sociable places. There is less opportunity for children and adults to have the spontaneous exchanges that help to engender a feeling of community. This in itself may exacerbate fears associated with assault and molestation of children, because there are fewer adults available who know their neighbours’ children, and who can look out for their safety.

　　2. The extra traffic involved in transporting children results in increased traffic congestion, pollution and accident risk. As our roads become more dangerous, more parents drive their children to more places, thus contributing to increased levels of danger for the remaining pedestrians. Anyone who has experienced either the reduced volume of traffic in peak hour during school holidays, or the traffic jams near schools at the end of a school day, will not need convincing about these points. Thus, there are also important environmental implications of children’s loss of freedom.

　　In the paragraphs above, there are FIVE problems stated. These problems, numbered as questions 1-5, are listed below. Each of these problems has a cause, listed A-G. Find the correct cause for each of the problems and write the corresponding letter A-G, in the spaces numbered 1-5 on the answer sheet.

　　There are more causes than problems so you will not use all of them and you may use any cause more than once.

　　problems causes

　　1. low sense of community feeling A few adults know local children

　　2. streets become less sociable B fewer people use the streets

　　3. fewer chances for meeting friends C increased pollution

　　4. fears of danger for children D streets are less friendly

　　5. higher accident risk E less traffic in school holidays

　　F reduced freedom for children

　　G more children driven to school