雅思阅读：选择题的关键在于判断

　　在雅思阅读考试中，亲切指数最高的题型一定是选择题摘得头筹，因为在国内的各种英语考试中选择题占了相当大的比例。在近两年的雅思考试中，选择题占了20%的比重，重要性不可小觑。但是考生往往反映雅思阅读的选择题不易做对，究其原因还是因为选项中的陷阱一个接一个，干扰项不易辨别。考试的过程中，该题型就成了纠结指数最高的题型，拿不定主意，浪费时间，导致整体分数不高。那么如何辨析选项中的正确选项与干扰项呢?新东方在线吕鸥老师指导我们可以把选择题的选项按照判断题的TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN的标准来分析，这样就有利于我们解开这个乱麻一样的题型了。

　　一、 正确选项

　　在文中有定位点，并且替换正确，这就是正确选项的定义，这跟判断题中的TRUE/YES很像。但在雅思考试中，判断题的出题范围通常是一至两句，而选择题的定位句往往不止一句，许多时候需要结合好几句话理解。

　　同时，国内考生最容易在选择题上犯的一个错误就是主观臆断或过度推断，经常根据自己的常识或感觉选出答案，在文中根本没有找到相应的定位点。因此我们一定要遵循“有其意则选之，无其意必弃之”的答题原则。

　　在剑桥后期的几本真题中，选择题的陷阱越来越少，也就是说在正确答案句周边出现的词汇没有很多，而是总结归纳题的数量在逐渐增加，这也是和判断题的趋势保持一致的。这就需要学生在平时的阅读备考中，要增强自己的长句阅读能力，无论是抓句子主干，还是掌握主要词汇，两者必须齐头并进。

　　二、 错误选项

　　错误选项是指和原文意思完全矛盾的选项，相当于判断题中的FALSE/NO，考生往往对于错误选项很容易辩出。

　　如剑7 Test 4 Passage 3 第29题

　　题目：Researchers discovered that high noise level are not likely to interfere with the

　　A. successful performance of a single task.

　　B. tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers.

　　C. ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines.

　　D. ability to monitor three dials at once.

　　原文：But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of an airplane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did interfere with the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking.

　　题干问的是噪音不太可能会影响的事情，我们通过定位发现原文中写道，“For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time，a task not unlike that of an airplane pilot or an air-traffic controller”, 即噪音会影响同时操作三个方向盘的人和类似飞行员和空中管制员那样的任务，对应B和D选项的内容，由此可把B和D选项排除。继续往下读，“Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did interfere with the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking.” 可以看出噪音会影响人边驾驶边重复数字的能力，对应C选项排除。其他所有选项都已排除，最终只剩下A选项。

　　三、 未提及选项

　　选择题中的未提及选项就如同判断题的NOT GIVEN,既有完全未提及选项，也有部分提及选项。

　　如剑6 Test 4 Passage 3 第31题

　　31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schools

　　A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.

　　B there was less bullying than in primary schools.

　　C cases of persistent bullying were very common.

　　D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.

　　原文：Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal-being taunted or called hurtful names-to the physical-being kicked or shoved-as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.

　　分析：这道题除了正确选项，其他的选项都是陷阱。通过题干定位词，我们可以读到第二句“A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent.”在此句中，出现了选项C的persistent bullying,但本句中说的是British primary schools, 而非题干中的British secondary schools。继续向下读的时候，我们发现了题干中的British secondary schools，同时该句中也出现了选项C的persistent bullying,但均未出现选项C中所对应的common的意思，因此该选项为部分提及选项。而选项A中的比较关系在原文中根本没有提及，所以选项A即为完全未提及选项。

　　最后，再次强调选择题“有其意则选之，无其意必弃之”的绝对法则，不要总说“我觉得”、“我以为”，而是必须在原文中找到你所选答案的对应点，才能真正提高选择题的正确率。