川普上台后面临的经济挑战

If President-elect Donald Trump tries to keep some of his signature campaign promises, such as restoring U.S. manufacturing jobs and repairing the country's deteriorating infrastructure, he is likely to encounter a variety of conflicting forces and political priorities that will weigh heavily on his management of the economy, the world's largest.
如果候任总统唐纳德·川普要兑现他在竞选期间作出的主要承诺，比如恢复美国的制造业工作，修复破旧的基础设施，那么他可能会遇到各种相互冲突的力量和对他管理经济能力有很大影响的相互矛盾的政治优先政策。

Trump faces a daunting task to fulfill his campaign vow to restore U.S. industrial jobs lost to automation and overseas sites, where corporations pay workers far less than they do in the United States. At the same time, his promise to initiate a trillion-dollar plan to repair the country's deteriorating roads, bridges and other infrastructure already is running into headwinds in the Republican-controlled Congress.
川普面临的一个主要任务是兑现竞选承诺，恢复美国因自动化和转移海外所失去的工业行业的就业机会。在海外，企业付给工人的工资要远远低于在美国本土。同时，川普承诺要启动一个总投入高达上万亿美元的改善破旧的公路、桥梁和其它基础设施的计划。这一计划在共和党控制的国会里已经遇到阻力。

While he is seeking to boost the economic fortunes of the blue-collar workers with limited formal education whose votes helped send him to a four-year term in the White House, Janet Yellen, the chair of the country's independent central bank, said this week that the cornerstone of success for many Americans was getting a college education.
就在川普在寻求提高蓝领工人的经济收入的时候，美联储主席耶伦本周表示，许多美国人成功的关键是获得大学文凭。川普竞选成功主要得益于所受正规教育不多的蓝领工人的支持。

"Economists are not certain about many things," the Federal Reserve leader said. "But we are quite certain that a college diploma or an advanced degree is a key to economic success."
这位央行行长说，“经济学家们有许多事情没有把握，但是我们非常肯定的是，大学文凭，或者高等教育的学位是经济成功的关键。”

"Those with a college degree are more likely to find a job, keep a job, have higher job satisfaction and earn a higher salary," Yellen said. "The advantage in earnings is large. College grads' annual earnings last year were, on average, 70 percent higher than those with only a high school diploma. Back in 1980, the difference was only 20 percent. The gap in earnings is significant only a few years after graduation — almost $18,000 a year, according to some recent data. Beyond these advantages, research also shows that a college or graduate degree typically leads to a happier, healthier and longer life."
耶伦说，“那些拥有大学学位的人找到工作、保住工作、对工作感到满意，以及获得更高薪水的可能性更高一些。他们在工资上的优势很大。去年本科毕业生的年薪，平均比只有高中文凭的人高出70%。1980年，这个差别只有20%。毕业几年后，工资差别就拉开了。最近的一些数据显示，这个差别大约为一年1.8万美元。除了这些优势，研究还显示，本科毕业生的生活通常也会更为幸福、健康，活的也更长。”

Trump, with $7 million in tax incentives, successfully kept a heating and air conditioning company from moving 800 factory jobs to Mexico, but the U.S. has lost 5 million manufacturing jobs since 2000. In an effort to reverse that trend, Trump said he would try to get Congress to impose a 35 percent tax on products made in other countries by companies that have left the U.S. and then try to send them back across the border. That, however, could ignite an international trade war.
川普用七百万美元的免税优惠成功让一家空调公司放弃了把八百万个工作转移到墨西哥的计划。但是，从2000年以来，美国制造业失去了五百万个工作。为了扭转这个势头，川普表示，他会尽力争取国会对那些离开美国的公司把在海外生产的产品返销美国时征收35%的关税。但是，这个做法可能会引起一场国际贸易战。