恒星英语:英语口译教程(基础篇)
2008-09-23来源:
补充一些有关教育的词汇: project hope 希望工程 the credit system 学分制 a double BA degree system 双学士制 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers 定向招生 key university 重点大学 center for post-doctoral studies 博士后科研流动站 specialty 专业 college/university of science and engineering 理工科大学 normal university;teachers' university 师范大学 polytechnic university 工业大学 agricultural university 农业大学 medical university 医科大学 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 中医学院 Economy and Reform 1.reform一词的搭配法 reform可以和以下动词连用: accomplish/effect/initiate/make/start reforms bring about reforms carry a reform into effect advocate/propose/urge reforms “深化改革”在我国出版的英语报刊上常译成deepen reform.一般说deepen做及物动词时常与knowledge, understanding一类词连用。“深化改革”中的“深化”就是“进一步”的意思,可译成: intensify the rural reform further carry out reforms as the reform further develops/is carried forward/is pushed forward 2.“改革开放”的表达法 “改革开放”可译成the policy of reform and opening up 或the reform and the open policy。切不可与the open-door policy(“门户开放”政策)混淆。“进一步开放”或“门要开得更大”可译成reform and opening up went one step further;further reform and opening up。 “加快改革开放的步伐”可译成accelerate the pace of reform and opening up。 3.“坚持”怎么译? “坚持”可以译作adhere to, persevere in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等,如: adherence to the socialist road, to communist party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong thought. adhering to a coordinated and balanced program of development. persevere in the pursuit of 1 central task and 2 basic points persisting in reform and opening up hold on to socialism stick to this attitude keep to the socialist orientation adhere to 的意识是“坚持维护,支持”,“信仰坚定”,“忠于”,如:“坚持党的基本路线”可译作 adhere to the party's basic line,“坚持无产阶级国际主义”可译作adhere to proletarian internationalism。 persevere in 和persist in 一般用于行动,都有“在困难或遭到反对的情况下继续”的意思;但persevere in 带褒义,表示“不屈不挠”,而persist in 带贬义,表示“顽固,不听开导”,如: perseverance means success. persevere in one's studies/armed struggle persist in one's errors/asking insulting questions hold one to 的意思是“抓住不放”,用于beliefs, ideas, principles时表示“坚持信仰”,即使他人影响或情况使人产生怀疑,也不改变或放弃,如: hold on to one's views stick to 的意思是“粘住,不离”;和choice, decision, principle, belief 等词连用时,也有“不变,不放弃”,“坚持”的意思。 keep to 有“不离”,“不违背”,“遵守”的意思,如: keep to the main road keep to prearranged plan keep to 用于decision,belief,rules时有“坚持”的意思。此外,“坚持”也可译作insist on, keep up, uphold 等。 insist on 多用于意见,主张,表示“硬要”,“坚决要求”,如: we insist on an interview before we accept any ma candidate. she insisted on her innocence. he insisted on going innocence. keep up 的意思是“继续”,如: keep up one's studies/piano practice/the attack/the good work uphold 的意思 是“支持”,赞同“,可和law, principle, system, practice连用,表示“坚持”。“我们党坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观”可译作our party upholds dialectical materialism and historical materialism as its world outlook. 工业 1.“达到”怎么译? “达到”可用reach或amount to,但amount to 表示几个部分相加后得到的总和,和add up to,total,number的意思一样。 2.operation一词的意思 operation有“运转”,“操作”,“工作”等意思,因此工厂“投入生产”,铁路“开始通车”,公司“开始营业”等都可能go into/step into/begin operation(s),如: the factory went into operation in1992. operation还有“经营”的意思,“经营机制”是operation mechanism,“经营自主”是autonomy in operation.“扩大生产/经营”可用expand operation 表达,如: The enterprise expanded its operation into an iron and steel complex. 3.capacity一词的意思 capacity表示最大生产量,容量或运载量,如: annual production capacity freighters with a total capacity of 100,000 tons capacity 也表示人的“能力”,“才干”,“本领”,如: not working to capacity意思是“本领没有使出来”,“才干没有完全发挥”。 4.同义词、近义词辨析: 1)factory, plant, works, mill, complex等: factory, plant, works, mill 都是工厂. factory 泛指一般工厂,如 food factory, tractor factory plant 多指电器业或机械制造业,一般用于以下工厂: water power plant, machine-building plant, chemical plant。 works 多用于钢铁等重工业,如 iron and steel works, gas works, cement works。 mill 原意是“磨坊”,现泛指“工厂”,多用于轻工业,尤其是纺织工业,如: cotton/textile/silk/woolen mill, lumber/saw mill, steel mill, heavy steel rolling mill complex 指“联合企业”,如 chemical complex, iron and steel complex, building complex。 在现代报刊中,以上用法大都依照习惯,有时没有明确界限或区别。值得注意的是有些词专指特殊的工厂,如smeltery 冶炼厂、foundry 铸造厂、tannery制革厂。 2) equipment, facility: equipment 和 facility 都可译作“设备”,“器材”,但equipment 是不可熟名词,指用于某一特殊目的的东西,供给品,装备等。如: a completer of equipment an important piece of equipment basic kitchen equipment stereo equipment facility 是可数名词,常用复数形式。facilities指为一特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利,包括设备、建筑物和服务等等。如: production facilities facilities for study facilities for travel sports facilities
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